Metolazone is able to inhibit the channels of sodium expressed on the cell surface of the distal tubule and the ascending portion of the loop of Henle of the nephron (functional unit of the kidney), reducing the reabsorption of sodium and promoting its excretion with a resulting diuretic effect. The Metolazone is sent off for about 80% in the urine and the remaining 20% via the bile.
What is Metolazone?
Metolazone is an active ingredient that is used for the treatment of hypertension of average seriousness and of oedematous conditions characterized by increased sodium and water retention. In case of severe hypertension this drug is often used in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
How should Metolazone be taken?
Metolazone is commercially available in the form of tablets and its administration is mainly through oral use.
Side effects associated with Metolazone
There are several recognized side effects when using Metolazone, which may vary depending on the sensitivity of the patient, the prescribed dosage and duration of therapy. The most common symptoms resulting from side effects are mainly attributable to the action of the diuretic drug and may include the following:
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Lack of appetite
- Dry mouth
Moreover, certain adverse effects of haematological nature can also be detected such as increased blood glucose, urea, creatinine, gout, as well as blood count alterations. From a dermatological point of view, there can be noticeable skin reactions such as hives, rashes and angiopathy.
Contraindications and warnings associated with the use of Metolazone
Contraindications in the administration of this drug exist in cases of decrease in the blood concentration of potassium (hypokalemia), decreased blood levels of sodium (hyponatremia), and Addison's disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency).
Same as with the administration of all diuretics, one should make sure to constantly monitor the parameters of serum sodium, potassium, bUN, uric acid and glucose before beginning a treatment with Metolazone. Particular attention should be paid in cases of patients suffering from diabetes, gout or patients undergoing blood glucose lowering therapy.
In the case of pregnancy, Metolazone can easily cross the placenta and expose the fetus to the risk of jaundice and thrombocytopenia: therefore, intake during pregnancy is not recommended. Furthermore, the active ingredient can also be excreted through human milk, and thus it is recommended to avoid breast-feeding while taking this medication.
