Metformin acts by modulating the metabolism of sugars present in the body, without acting on the pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin secretion (hypoglycemic hormone action). It ensures good control of both fasting post-prandial plasma glucose and minimizing the risk of reoccurring episodes of hypoglycemia.
What is Metformin?
Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic drug that is orally active in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and diabetes type 2. It is given taken either by itself or in combination with other drugs.
How should Metformin be taken?
Metformin is administered orally in the form of tablets.
Side effects associated with Metformin
Metformin based therapy is generally well tolerated. The intake of this drug is associated with the occurrence of side effects mainly borne by the gastro-intestinal tract, such as:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
Rarer are other types of side effects such as:
- Alterations in the absorption of vitamin B12
- Dermatologic reactions
- Allergic reactions
- Change in taste perception
Contraindications and warnings associated with the use of Metformin
The use of Metformin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of its excipients. It must not be administered in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic pre-coma, kidney failure or kidney dysfunction, dehydration, heart failure, respiratory failure, liver failure, kidney failure or lactation.
Since several studies have demonstrated a good safety profile on the health of the fetus while taking Metformin, the use of this medication during pregnancy is permitted. Instead, it is strongly advised to avoid intake of this drug during lactation. The active ingredient can accumulate in the breast milk and cause potential side effects to the health of the newborn.
