{"id":80959,"date":"2018-05-07T08:18:15","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T08:18:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/voljni-misici\/"},"modified":"2018-05-07T08:18:15","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T08:18:15","slug":"voljni-misici","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/wiki\/voljni-misici\/","title":{"rendered":"Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"sta-su-voljni-misici\">\u0160ta su voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i?<\/h2>\n<p>Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i, tako\u0111e poznati i kao \u201ccrveni mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d ili \u201cpopre\u010dnoprugasti mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d su mi\u0161i\u0107i ljudskog tela \u010diju kontrakciju reguli\u0161e voljna mo\u017edana aktivnost (odnosno, pod kontrolom su na\u0161e svesti).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i podeljeni su u dve grupe: povr\u0161inske i duboke. Povr\u0161inski mi\u0161i\u0107i su mimi\u010dni mi\u0161i\u0107i sme\u0161teni u predelu glave i vrata. Duboki mi\u0161i\u0107i s druge strane podeljeni su na skeletne mi\u0161i\u0107e \u00a0(pokre\u0107u kosti pod uticajem volje) i mi\u0161i\u0107e koji su vezani za druge organe (na primer za o\u010di, u\u0161i\/jezik i \u017edrelo). Svako mi\u0161i\u0107no vlakno koje ulazi u sastav voljnog mi\u0161i\u0107a povezano je sa nervnim zavr\u0161etkom koji dobija naloge iz mozga; mozak otpu\u0161ta neurotransmitere koji pokre\u0107u \u010ditav niz hemijskih reakcija. Tada dolazi do stvaranja nervnog stimulus koji preno\u0161en od strane motornih nervnih vlakana dovodi do kontrakcije mi\u0161i\u0107a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i mogu da se podele na osnovu \u010dvorova delovanja. Mi\u0161i\u0107i agonisti su oni mi\u0161i\u0107i koji dovode do pokreta kontrakcijom u samom zglobu, dok su mi\u0161i\u0107i antagonisti oni koji dovode do suprotne akcije u odnosu na neki drugi mi\u0161i\u0107. U njih spadaju:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pregiba\u010di: mi\u0161i\u0107i \u010dijom kontrakcijom dolazi do zatvaranja, savijanja zgloba<\/li>\n<li>Opru\u017ea\u010di: mi\u0161i\u0107i \u010dijom kontrakcijom se zglob otvara<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mi\u0161i\u0107i odmica\u010di su oni \u010dijom se kontrakcijom ekstremitet odmi\u010de od sredi\u0161nje linije tela, ili od drugog dela tela, dok mi\u0161i\u0107i primica\u010di svojom kontrakcijom omogu\u0107avaju ekstremitetu da se kre\u0107e ka sredi\u0161njoj liniji tela ili prema drugom delu tela. U sinergisti\u010dne mi\u0161i\u0107e spadaju oni koju obavljaju istu vrstu aktivnosti. Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i tako\u0111e mogu da se klasifikuju na osnovu njihovog oblika kao i dela tela na kojima se nalaze (bicepsi, tricepsi, i kvadricepsi).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010cak i prilikom mirovanja, mi\u0161i\u0107i nikada nisu potpuno opu\u0161teni. Pod psihilo\u0161kim uticajem, oni su stalno pod umerenim i konstantnim naponom poznatim i kao mi\u0161i\u0107ni ili posturalni tonus. Stanje nazvano hipotonija (tonus mi\u0161i\u0107a ispod normalne vrednosti) obi\u010dno je izazvano nedostatkom kalijuma u krvi, dok hipertonija (preveliki mi\u0161i\u0107ni tonus u mirovanju) redstavlja stanje koje se javlja obi\u010dno kod sni\u017eenog nivoa kalcijuma u krvi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Oboljenja koja poga\u0111aju mi\u0161i\u0107e i\/ili nerve koji ih kontroli\u0161u obuhvataju neuromi\u0161i\u0107ne poreme\u0107aje. Ti problemi mogu dovesti do spazama ili paralize, zavisno od mesta na kome se javljaju i ozbiljnosti stanja pacijenta. Tako\u0111e, veliki broj neurolo\u0161kih poreme\u0107aja mo\u017ee da dovede do problema vezanih za pokretljivost i koordinaciju pokreta. Pronala\u017eenje najboljeg na\u010dina le\u010denja je od su\u0161tinske va\u017enosti kako bi se spre\u010dio dalji razvoj bolesti i nastanak komplikacija.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"koja-je-funkcija-voljnih-misica\">Koja je funkcija voljnih mi\u0161i\u0107a?<\/h2>\n<p>Glavna uloga mi\u0161i\u0107nog sistema je pokretanje. Mi\u0161i\u0107no tkivo je jedino u na\u0161em orgnaizmu koje ima sposobnost kontrakcije i samim tim pokretanja nekog dela tela. Mi\u0161i\u0107i tako\u0111e obavljaju i mnoge druge funkcije poput odr\u017eavanja tela u nekom polo\u017eaju (sedenju ili stajanju), stabilizacije i potpore zglobovima, proizvodnje toplote u cilju odr\u017eavanja normalne telesne temperature. Bilo da se radi o izrazu lica, pokretanju ruke, jezika ili prsta, glavna uloga voljnih mi\u0161i\u0107a je uvek ista: omogu\u0107avanje osobi da izvodi mi\u0161i\u0107ne pokrete kontrolisane sopstvenom voljom.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1789],"class_list":["post-80959","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomija"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0160ta su voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i? Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i, tako\u0111e poznati i kao \u201ccrveni mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d ili \u201cpopre\u010dnoprugasti mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d su mi\u0161i\u0107i ljudskog tela \u010diju kontrakciju reguli\u0161e voljna mo\u017edana aktivnost (odnosno, pod kontrolom su na\u0161e svesti). &nbsp; Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i podeljeni su u dve grupe: povr\u0161inske i duboke. Povr\u0161inski mi\u0161i\u0107i su mimi\u010dni mi\u0161i\u0107i sme\u0161teni u predelu glave i vrata. 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Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i, tako\u0111e poznati i kao \u201ccrveni mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d ili \u201cpopre\u010dnoprugasti mi\u0161i\u0107i\u201d su mi\u0161i\u0107i ljudskog tela \u010diju kontrakciju reguli\u0161e voljna mo\u017edana aktivnost (odnosno, pod kontrolom su na\u0161e svesti). &nbsp; Voljni mi\u0161i\u0107i podeljeni su u dve grupe: povr\u0161inske i duboke. Povr\u0161inski mi\u0161i\u0107i su mimi\u010dni mi\u0161i\u0107i sme\u0161teni u predelu glave i vrata. 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