{"id":80928,"date":"2018-05-04T12:48:54","date_gmt":"2018-05-04T12:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/bubrezi\/"},"modified":"2018-05-04T12:48:54","modified_gmt":"2018-05-04T12:48:54","slug":"bubrezi","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/wiki\/bubrezi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bubrezi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Osnovna funkcija bubrega jeste produkcija urina. Bubrezi su oblika zrna gra\u0161ka.<\/p>\n

Ljudski organizam sastavljen je od para bubrega koji su lokalizovani\u00a0 uz obe lateralne strane ki\u010dme, izme\u0111u 11-og torakalnog pr\u0161ljena i drugog i tre\u0107eg lumbalnog pr\u0161ljena. Svaki bubreg duga\u010dak je pribli\u017eno oko 12 cm i te\u017eine oko 150 grama.<\/p>\n

Desni bubreg lokalizovan je ispod jetre, dok je levi bubeg iza slezine. Oba bubrega primanju krv iz grana aorte \u2013 renalnih arterija. Krv proti\u010de kroz renalne arterije ka sve amnjim arterijama do arteriola. Odatle krv cirkuli\u0161e u glomerule koji predstavljaju nakupine krvnih sudova nazvanih kapilari. Onda krv napu\u0161ta svaki glomerul kroz arteriole koje povezuju male vene. Te venice se povezuju grade\u0107i pojedina\u010dne krupnije vene sa funkcijom odvo\u0111enja krvi od bubrega.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0160ta predstavljaju bubrezi ?<\/h2>\n

Bubrezi su predstavljeni kao dva mala organa \u010dija je osnovna funkcija produkcija urina. Sastavljeni\u00a0 su od spolja\u0161njeg dela, korteksa, i unutra\u0161njeg dela \u2013 medule. Svaki bubreg pokriven je neelasti\u010dnom i rezistentnom kapsulom\u00a0 gra\u0111enom od fibroznog tkiva koaj sadr\u017ei bubre\u017eni parenhim (funkcionalni deo tkiva bubrega), grana kvnih sudova, bubrega i intrakranijalnog urinarnog trakta (kaliksi i deo bubre\u017enih \u010da\u0161ica) koje vode ka ekstrarenalnom uinarnom traktu (ostatak bubre\u017ene \u010da\u0161\u0107ice, uretera, mokra\u017ene be\u0161ike i uretre).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bubre\u017eni parenhim\u00a0 poseduje funkciju produkcije urina i gra\u0111en je od medularnog, centralnog i kortikalnog dela. Medula se sastoji od 10 do 12 bubre\u017enih piramida koje uti\u010du u renalne sinuse i kroz bubre\u017ene \u010da\u0161ice u kojima se koncentri\u0161e produkt uretera.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sekundarna mokra\u0107a\u00a0 u najve\u0107oj meri nastaje u Malpigijevim tela\u0161cima i konvolutarnim tubulima.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Koja je funkcija bubrega ?<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Iako je osnovni zadatak bubrega produkcija urina iz cirkulacije, kao i eliminacija razgradnih produkata u organizmu, ovaj organ je od izuzetne va\u017ensoti i za ostale funkcije organizma.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na primer, bubezi sekretuju eritropoetin, hormon koji promovi\u0161e sazrevanje zdravih crvenih \u0107elija kao\u00a0 i sekreciju renina, enzima sa klju\u010dnom ulogom u regulaciji krvnog pritiska-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bubrezi su tako\u0111e odgovorni za sintezu vitamina D radi njegovih funkcija u organizmu. Prisustvo jednog zdravog bubrega zadovoljava fiziolo\u0161ke prohteve organizma.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bubrezi poseduju tako\u0111e sposbnost filtracije i ekskrecije raszgradnih produkata kao na primer gotove hrane, lekova, i drugih \u0161tetnih supstanci kao \u0161to su toksini. Tako\u0111e reguli\u0161u i krvni pritisak.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Najbitniji razgradni product jeste urea, koji nastaje od metabolizma proteina.<\/p>\n

Urea procesom slobodne difuzije prolazi kroz glomerule u tubusnu te\u010dnost te se ne reapsorbuje ve\u0107 elimini\u0161e urinom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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