{"id":80870,"date":"2018-05-02T13:59:22","date_gmt":"2018-05-02T13:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/hipofiza\/"},"modified":"2018-05-02T13:59:22","modified_gmt":"2018-05-02T13:59:22","slug":"hipofiza","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/wiki\/hipofiza\/","title":{"rendered":"Hipofiza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hipofiza predstavlja malu endokrinu \u017elezdu koja se nalazi u samoj bazi mozga, u udubljenju koje se naziva tursko sedlo (sella turica). Hipofiza je \u017elezda koja hormone lu\u010di pod dejstvom hormona hipotalamusa. Ova mala \u017elezda, du\u017eine oko 1 cm, povezana je sa hipotalamusom preko pituitarne peteljke, autonomnog nervnog sistema i povratne sprege endokrinih \u017elezda na koje deluje. Hipofiza je oduvek smatrana glavnim i najbitnijim delom endokrinog sistema zbog \u010dinjenice da hormoni koje nastaju u njoj uti\u010du na veliki broj razli\u010ditih fiziolo\u0161kih procesa koji se odvijaju u telu. Me\u0111utim, poslednja istra\u017eivanja pokazala su da rad hipofize skoro u potpunosti zavisi od hormona koji u nju dospevaju iz hipotalamusa, te je polo\u017eaj da je je ova \u017elezda najbitniji deo endokrinog sistema odavno napu\u0161tena. Ova \u017elezda mo\u017ee se fiziolo\u0161ki podeliti na dva razli\u010dita dela &#8211; prednji i zadnji. Prednji deo, odnosno prednji re\u017eanj ove \u017elezde naziva se adenohipofiza, dok se njen zadnji re\u017eanj naziva neurohipofiza. Izme\u0111u ova dva re\u017enja nalazi se malo podru\u010dje koje je gotovo zakr\u017eljalo kod ve\u0107ine ljudi. Ovaj deo naziva se srednji deo, odnosno pars intermedia. Iako zajedno \u010dine hipofizu, adenohipofiza i neurohipofiza zapravo su razli\u010ditog embrionalnog porekla. Prednji re\u017eanj, odnosno adenohipofiza, poti\u010de od \u0107elija spolja\u0161njeg sloja \u017edrela, dok je neurohipofiza nastala iz nervnog tkiva koje poti\u010de iz hipotalamusa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sta-je-hipofiza\">\u0160ta je hipofiza?<\/h2>\n<p>Hipofiza je najva\u017enija \u017elezda sa unutara\u0161njim lu\u010denjem koja se nalazi u ljudskom organizmu. Lu\u010denjem svojih hormona ova \u017elezda reguli\u0161e intenzitet lu\u010denja ostalih \u017elezda sa unutra\u0161njim lu\u010denjem poput \u0161titne \u017elezde, nadbubre\u017enih \u017elezda i polnih \u017elezda. Prednji re\u017eanj hipofize, adenohipofiza, lu\u010di adenokortikotropni hormon (ACTH) koji kontrolira lu\u010denje kortikosteroida iz nadbubre\u017ene \u017elezde. Adenohipofiza tako\u0111e lu\u010di i luteiniziraju\u0107i hormon (LH) i folikul stimuliraju\u0107i hormon (FSH). Ova dva hormona podsti\u010du lu\u010denje polnih hormona u ljudskom telu. Pored toga, prednji re\u017eanj hipofize lu\u010di i tiroid stimuliraju\u0107i hormon (TSH) koji podsti\u010de lu\u010denje tiroksina iz \u0161titne \u017elezde, kao i prolaktin koji je odgovoran za lu\u010denje mle\u010dnih \u017elezda i hormona rasta. Somatotropin ili hormon rasta predstavlja hormon prednjeg re\u017enja hipofize koji se sastoji od 191 razli\u010dite aminokiseline. Njegova funkcija u organizmu je rast kostiju, a lu\u010di se tokom detinjstva. Adenohipofiza je re\u017eanj specifi\u010dan po tome \u0161to sadr\u017ei nekoliko razli\u010ditih vrsta \u0107elija za stvaranje i lu\u010denje hormona, pa tako za svaki hormon u adenohipofizi postoji posebna vrsta \u0107elije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zadnji re\u017eanj hipofize, odnosno neurohipofiza, lu\u010di oksitocin i vazopresin (koji se \u010desto naziva i antidiuretski hormon \u2013 ADH). Vazopresin pove\u0107ava propustljivost u sabirnim kanali\u0107ima u bubrezima i pove\u0107ava pritisak. Oksitocin u laktaciji podsti\u010de lu\u010denje mleka, uzrokuje i odr\u017eava kontrakcije materice i podsti\u010de pokrete koji dovode do poro\u0111aja. Za razliku od prednjeg re\u017enja, neurohipofiza se nalazi pod direktnom kontrolom hipotalamusa putem nervnih vlakana. To zna\u010di da se komunikacija izme\u0111u zadnjeg re\u017enja hipofize i hipotalamusa odvija bez posredstva hormona.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Svaki hormon koji se lu\u010di u hipofizi ima odgovaraju\u0107i hormon koji nastaje u hipotalamusu i koji putem krvi dospeva do \u0107elija hipofize. Ti hormoni uglavnom stimuli\u0161u rad hipofize, i nazivaju se osloba\u0111aju\u0107im hormonima.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koja-je-funkcija-hipofize\">Koja je funkcija hipofize?<\/h2>\n<p>Hipofiza predstavlja jednu od najbitnijih \u017elezda u endokrinom sistemu koja uti\u010de na rad drugih \u017elezda u ljudskom telu.<\/p>\n<p>Hipofiza je naj \u017elezda sa unutara\u0161njim lu\u010denju ljudskom organizmu. Ona lumona reguli\u0161e intenzitet lu\u010denja ostalih \u017elezda sa unutra\u0161njim lu\u010denjem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1789],"class_list":["post-80870","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomija"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hipofiza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hipofiza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hipofiza predstavlja malu endokrinu \u017elezdu koja se nalazi u samoj bazi mozga, u udubljenju koje se naziva tursko sedlo (sella turica). Hipofiza je \u017elezda koja hormone lu\u010di pod dejstvom hormona hipotalamusa. 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