{"id":71584,"date":"2017-11-09T12:46:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T12:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/rak-testisa\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:00:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:00:22","slug":"rak-testisa","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak testisa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Definicija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Rak testisa predstavlja maligne kancerogene tumore koji se javljaju na testisima, mu\u0161kim genitalnim \u017elezdama koje su sme\u0161tene u skrotumu (ko\u017enoj kesi koja se nalazi u produ\u017eetku stomaka izme\u0111u penisa i anusa). Testisi proizvode mu\u0161ke seksualne hormone i spermu.<\/p>\n

Iako se \u010desto poredi sa drugim oblicima karcinoma, rak testisa je vrlo retko oboljenje. Javlja se kod mu\u0161karaca izme\u0111u 15 i 50 godina starosti.<\/p>\n

Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i simptomi kojima se manifestuje rak testisa su pojava bezbolne izrasline ili \u010dvori\u0107a u testisima i ose\u0107aj te\u017eine u mo\u0161nicama.<\/p>\n

Na\u010din na koji \u0107e se le\u010diti rak testisa zavisi od vrste karcinoma kao i njegovog stadijuma. Celokupno zdravstveno stanje pacijenta tako\u0111e igra bitnu ulogu u odre\u0111ivanju na\u010dina kojim \u0107e se le\u010diti rak testisa. Redovno pregledanje testisa se smatra najboljim na\u010dinom prevencije, jer se na taj na\u010din mogu uvideti sve izrasline ili anomalije dok su jo\u0161 u ranom stadijumu, \u0161to zna\u010dno ozna\u010dava njihovo le\u010denje.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Rak testisa se uglavnom javlja samo na jednom testisu. Neki od simptoma i znakova koji ukazuju na mogu\u0107nost raka testisa su:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Pojava \u010dvori\u0107a, grudvice ili izrasline u jednom od testisa<\/li>\n
  • Bol i neprijatan ose\u0107aj u testisu ili skrotumu<\/li>\n
  • Ose\u0107aj te\u017eine u skrotumu<\/li>\n
  • Tup bol u donjem delu abdomena ili preponama<\/li>\n
  • Akumulacija te\u010dnosti u skrotumu<\/li>\n
  • Osetljivost u grudima<\/li>\n
  • Bol u le\u0111ima<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Jo\u0161 uvek nije poznatno \u0161ta ta\u010dno uzrokuje rak testisa. Kao i sve vrste karcinoma, rak testisa nastaje kada do\u0111e do mutacije DNK na \u0107elijama u testisa. Ova mutacija omogu\u0107ava nekontrolisano umno\u017eavanje i rast \u0107elija, i spre\u010dava njihovo normalno odumiranje i raspadanje. Akumulacija ovih abnormalnih \u0107elija dovodi do pojave tumora u testisu.<\/p>\n

    Skoro svi slu\u010dajevi raka testisa nastaju u \u0107elijama koje proizvode nezrelu spermu. Iako je mehanizam nastanka kancerogenih \u0107elija poznat, jo\u0161 uvek se ne zna \u0161ta uzrokuje mutacije koje izazivaju rak.<\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastanka raka testisa su:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Istorija raka testisa u porodici<\/li>\n
    • Bolesti koje izazivaju abnormalnosti u razvoju testisa (Klinefelterov sindrom)<\/li>\n
    • Testis koji se nije spustio od ro\u0111enja<\/li>\n
    • Rasa \u2013 belci su podlo\u017eniji raku testisa od drugih rasa<\/li>\n
    • Starost \u2013 naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se javlja kod mu\u0161karaca izme\u0111u 15. i 35.godine starosti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/h2>\n

      Le\u010denje<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Le\u010denje raka testisa zavisi od vrste raka kao stadijuma u kom se nalazi. Celokupno zdravstevno stanje pacijenta tako\u0111e igra veliku ulogu u odre\u0111ivanju vrste terapije kojom \u0107e se le\u010diti rak.<\/p>\n

      Rak testisa se mo\u017ee le\u010diti hirur\u0161kim ili nehirur\u0161kim putem. Le\u010denje raka hirur\u0161kim putem podrazumeva slede\u0107e dve operacije:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Radikalna inguinalna orhiektomija: hirur\u0161ka procedura kojom se odstranjuje ceo testis koji je zahva\u0107en rakom<\/li>\n
      • Retroperionealna disercija limfnih \u010dvorova: hirur\u0161ka procedura kojom se uklanjaju limfni \u010dvorovi u blizini podru\u010dja zahva\u0107enog rakom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ukoliko se rak testisa otkrije u ranom stadijumu, mo\u017ee se uspe\u0161no izle\u010diti operacijom bez potrebe da dodatnim le\u010denjem ili terapijom. Me\u0111utim, ako je rak metastazirao ili ima pove\u0107an rizik od rekurencije, pored operacije koriste se i slede\u0107e metode le\u010denja:<\/p>\n

        \n
          \n
        • Terapija radijacijom \u2013 koncentrovani rendgenski zraci se koriste za uni\u0161tavanje \u0107elija tumora. Ova metoda se uglavnom koristi kod seminalnog raka testisa, i mo\u017ee izazvati neplodnost.<\/li>\n
        • Hemoterapija \u2013 intravenozna upotreba antikancerogenih lekova koja se preporu\u010duje pre i posle operacije uklanjanja limfnih \u010dvorova. \u010cesto lo\u0161e uti\u010de na stanje pacijenta i izaziva gubitak kose, infekcije i neplodnost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          <\/h2>\n

          Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          Rak testisa se ne mo\u017ee spre\u010diti, ali se mogu preduzeti odre\u0111ene mere kojima se umanjuje \u0161ansa od metastaziranja. Preporu\u010duje se redovno pregledavanje testisa kao i obavezno savetovanje sa lekarom ukoliko se uo\u010de anomalije na testisima.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71584","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nRak testisa - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak testisa - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Definicija Rak testisa predstavlja maligne kancerogene tumore koji se javljaju na testisima, mu\u0161kim genitalnim \u017elezdama koje su sme\u0161tene u skrotumu (ko\u017enoj kesi koja se nalazi u produ\u017eetku stomaka izme\u0111u penisa i anusa). Testisi proizvode mu\u0161ke seksualne hormone i spermu. Iako se \u010desto poredi sa drugim oblicima karcinoma, rak testisa je vrlo retko oboljenje. Javlja se […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-13T03:00:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/\",\"name\":\"Rak testisa - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-09T12:46:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-13T03:00:22+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-testisa\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Malattie\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/malattie\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Rak testisa\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"Humanitas Hospital\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr-RS\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Rak testisa - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"sr_RS","og_type":"article","og_title":"Rak testisa - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Definicija Rak testisa predstavlja maligne kancerogene tumore koji se javljaju na testisima, mu\u0161kim genitalnim \u017elezdama koje su sme\u0161tene u skrotumu (ko\u017enoj kesi koja se nalazi u produ\u017eetku stomaka izme\u0111u penisa i anusa). Testisi proizvode mu\u0161ke seksualne hormone i spermu. Iako se \u010desto poredi sa drugim oblicima karcinoma, rak testisa je vrlo retko oboljenje. 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