{"id":71583,"date":"2017-11-09T12:38:40","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T12:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/rak-grla\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:00:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:00:21","slug":"rak-grla","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/rak-grla\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak grla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Termin rak grla odnosi se na maligne kancerogene izrasline, to jest tumore, koji se razvijaju u grlu (farinksu), glasnim \u017eicama (larinksu) i krajnicima.<\/p>\n<p>Farinks, odnosno grlo, je organ sistema za varenje u obliku cevi koji po\u010dinje iza nosa i zavr\u0161ava se na dnu vrata, tj. na po\u010detku jednjaka. Larinks se nalazi odmah ispod grla, te je podlo\u017ean razvijanju istih malignih kancerogenih \u0107elija kao i grlo. Larinks je organ u obliku kutije sa\u010dinjen od hrskavice u kome se nalaze glasne \u017eice. Prolaskom vazduha kroz larinks dolazi do vibriranja glasnih \u017eica i time se stvaraju glasovi. Rak grla se tako\u0111e mo\u017ee razviti i na delu hrskavice koji se naziva epiglotis. Epiglotis se nalazi iznad du\u0161nika i slu\u017ei kao poklopac koji onemogu\u0107ava prolazak hrane i te\u010dnosti. Rak krajnika je jo\u0161 jedan oblik raka grla koji se javlja kada se \u0107elije raka razviju u zadnjem delu grla i pro\u0161ire na krajnike.<\/p>\n<p>Rizik od raka je znatno manji kod ljudi koji ne pu\u0161e i ne konzumiraju alkohol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\"><strong>Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi koji se javljaju kod raka grla mogu biti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u0161alj<\/li>\n<li>Promene u boji glasa \u2013 glas \u010desto postaje promukao i grub<\/li>\n<li>Pote\u0161ko\u0107e sa gutanjem<\/li>\n<li>Bol u u\u0161ima<\/li>\n<li>Upaljeno grlo<\/li>\n<li>Nagli gubitak telesne te\u017eine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"uzroci\"><strong>Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Rak grla nastaje kada do\u0111e do pojave mutacija na \u0107elijama u grlu. Ove mutacije omogu\u0107avaju \u0107elijama da nekontrolisano rastu i umno\u017eavaju se, i spre\u010dava njihovo normalno odumiranje i raspadanje. Akumulacijom ovih \u0107elija dolazi do pojave malignog tumora u grlu.<\/p>\n<p>Iako je mehanizam nastajanja raka grla poznat, jo\u0161 uvek se ne zna \u0161ta ta\u010dno uzrokuje ove mutacije. Me\u0111utim, bez obzira na to \u0161to se ne zna uzrok, mogu se izdvojiti odre\u0111eni faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od ove vrste karcinoma.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"faktori-rizika\"><strong>Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od raka grla su:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Upotreba duvana \u2013 pu\u0161enje cigareta, cigara i lula kao i \u017evakanje duvana<\/li>\n<li>Preterano konzumiranje alkohola<\/li>\n<li>Nedovoljno vlakana u ishrani<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"komplikacije\"><strong>Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Kao i sve vrste karcinoma, rak grla se mo\u017ee pro\u0161iriti na okolne delove tela ukoliko se ne le\u010di.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"prevencija\"><strong>Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Do sada nije otkriven na\u010din na koji se mo\u017ee spre\u010diti razvoj raka grla. Metode prevencije se uglavnom svode na umanjivanje faktora koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastanka raka grla.<\/p>\n<p>Ukoliko pacijent spada u grupu sa pove\u0107anim rizikom od raka grla, uglavnom se preporu\u010duje slede\u0107e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prestanak pu\u0161enja<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ukoliko pacijent pu\u0161i, savetuje se da \u0161to pre prestane da pu\u0161i kako bi se umanjila dugoro\u010dna \u0161teta. Prestanak pu\u0161enja nekim pacijentima mo\u017ee predstavljati te\u017eak i drasti\u010dan korak, te se preporu\u010duje savetovanje sa lekarom. Ukoliko je u pitanju te\u0161ka zavisnost, mogu se prepisati odre\u0111eni lekovi i supstitucije za nikotin.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regulisanje konzumiranja alkohola<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lekari preporu\u010duju umereno konzumiranje alkohola visokorizi\u010dnim pacijentima. Kod \u017eena konzumiranje alkohola se svodi na jedno pi\u0107e dnevno, dok se mu\u0161karcima preporu\u010duje maksimalno dva pi\u0107a u toku jednog dana.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promene u ishrani<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Preporu\u010duje se ishrana bogata vlaknima i antioksidantima.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Za\u0161tita od HPV-a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>HPV je \u010desti uzrok raka grla, te se pacijentima preporu\u010duje kori\u0161\u0107enje za\u0161tite prilikom seksualnih odnosa i vakcinacija.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71583","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak grla - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak grla - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Termin rak grla odnosi se na maligne kancerogene izrasline, to jest tumore, koji se razvijaju u grlu (farinksu), glasnim \u017eicama (larinksu) i krajnicima. Farinks, odnosno grlo, je organ sistema za varenje u obliku cevi koji po\u010dinje iza nosa i zavr\u0161ava se na dnu vrata, tj. na po\u010detku jednjaka. 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