{"id":71560,"date":"2017-11-08T16:51:53","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T16:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/osteoporoza-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:00:00","slug":"osteoporoza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/osteoporoza\/","title":{"rendered":"Osteoporoza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Osteoporoza je oboljenje kostiju koje se manifestuje slabljenjem i stanjivanjem kostiju. Pacijenti oboleli od osteoporoze imaju krhke kosti sklone lomljenju.<\/p>\n

Smanjivanje gustine kostiju kao i stanjivanje ko\u0161tane mase tokom godina su normalne pojave. Posle sedamdesete godine \u017eivota, ljudi gube na gustini skeleta i on te\u017ei skoro tri puta manje nego u \u010detrdesetoj godini.<\/p>\n

Smanjivanje gustine kostiju, tj. osteoporoza, je posledica naru\u0161avanja ravnote\u017ee izme\u0111u prirodnog odumiranja, odnosno tro\u0161enja i produkcije nove ko\u0161tane mase. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se javlja na delovima tela gde se intenzivno tro\u0161e kosti \u2013 kukovima, zglobovima i ki\u010dmi. Osteoporoza u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva nema osetne simptome i nije bolna ukoliko ne do\u0111e do preloma kostiju.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

U ranom stadijumu osteoporoze simptomi se vrlo retko javljaju. Pacijenti sa osteoporozom uglavnom ose\u0107aju simptome tek nakon \u0161to bolest uznapreduje. Neki od tih simptoma mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u le\u0111ima \u2013 \u010desto se javlja kao posledica preloma pr\u0161ljena<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vidljivo smanjivanje visine sa godinama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana osetljivost kostiju na prelome<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Skoro sve kosti u ljudskom telu dosti\u0107i \u0107e svoju maksimalnu du\u017einu do 18 godine starosti, dok se gustina kostiju razvija i do tre\u0107e decenije \u017eivota. Kod ve\u0107ine ljudi dolazi do smanjivanja gustine ko\u0161tane mase posle 35 godine. \u017dene su podlo\u017enije slabljenju kostiju, pogotovo nakon menopauze. Iako smanjivanje gustine kostiju i njihovo tro\u0161enje predstavlja neminovnu posledicu starenja, kod nekih ljudi se mogu javiti bla\u017ei oblici osteoporoze.<\/p>\n

Drugi uzroci ovog oboljenja mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reumatoidni artritis<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kronova bolest<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hroni\u010dna opstruktivna bolest plu\u0107a<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hipertiroidizam<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hiperparatiroidizam<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija osteoporoze i sli\u010dnih oboljenja kostiju u porodici<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dugoro\u010dna upotreba hormonske terapije ili lekova protiv kostobolje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa absorbcijom<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterano uno\u0161enje alkohola<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji mogu pove\u0107ati rizik od nastanka osteoporoze su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pol \u2013 \u017eene su podlo\u017enije ovoj bolesti nego mu\u0161karci<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost \u2013 rizik od osteoporoze se pove\u0107ava sa staro\u0161\u0107u<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rasa \u2013 ljudi evropskog i azijskog porekla su podlo\u017eniji osteoporozi i drugim oboljenjima kostiju<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija osteoporoze u porodici \u2013 ljudi u \u010dijoj su se porodici javljala oboljenja kostiju imaju pove\u0107anu \u0161ansu da sami obole od osteoporoze<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stas \u2013 ljudi ni\u017eeg i sitnijeg stasa \u010de\u0161\u0107e oboljevaju od osteoporoze; ko\u0161tana masa koja je laka je i porozna, i samim tim podlo\u017enija oboljenjima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seksualni hormoni \u2013 smanjena koli\u010dina seksualnih hormona izaziva slabljenje ko\u0161tane mase; kod \u017eena je to tokom menopauze, dok mu\u0161karcima opadanje nivoa hormona posledica starosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa \u0161titastom \u017elezdom \u2013 pove\u0107ana proizvodnja tiroidnih hormona izaziva gubitak ko\u0161tane mase<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa para\u0161titastim i nadbubre\u017enim \u017elezdama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nedovoljan unos kalcijuma<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poreme\u0107aji u ishrani \u2013 anoreksija i bulimija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Operacije na sistemu za varenje \u2013 operacije na \u017eelucu ili gastri\u010dki bajpas<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dugotrajna oralna ili intravenozna terapija kortikosteroidima \u2013 kortikosteroidi onemogu\u0107avaju izgradnju ko\u0161tane mase<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uzimanje terapija protiv napada epilepsije, gastri\u010dkog refluksa, karcinoma i odbijanja transplanata<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ukoliko se ne le\u010di, osteoporoza mo\u017ee dovesti do komplikacija, od kojih su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e prelomi kuka i ki\u010dme. U zavisnosti od te\u017eine preloma, prelomi kuka mogu dovesti do ozbiljnog invaliditeta, pa \u010dak i smrti izazvane postoperativnim komplikacijama. Najugro\u017eenija grupa su stari ljudi.<\/p>\n

\u010cesto dolazi i do mikroskopskih preloma na ki\u010dmenom stubu usled pomeranja, \u0161to se manifestuje pogrbljivanjem i intenzivnim bolom u le\u0111ima.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pacijentima sa pove\u0107anim rizikom od osteoporoze se savetuje uno\u0161enje dovoljne koli\u010dine vitamina D\u00a0 i kalcijuma, kao i pove\u0107ana fizi\u010dka aktivnost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71560","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOsteoporoza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osteoporoza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Osteoporoza je oboljenje kostiju koje se manifestuje slabljenjem i stanjivanjem kostiju. Pacijenti oboleli od osteoporoze imaju krhke kosti sklone lomljenju. Smanjivanje gustine kostiju kao i stanjivanje ko\u0161tane mase tokom godina su normalne pojave. 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