{"id":71557,"date":"2017-11-08T13:51:48","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T13:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/melanom-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:57","slug":"melanom","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/melanom\/","title":{"rendered":"Melanom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Melanom je vrsta karcinoma koja napada \u0107elije ko\u017ee koje proizvode melanin (pigment). Melanom se izuzetno brzo \u0161iri na druge delove tela, i mo\u017ee se razviti od postoje\u0107eg mlade\u017ea ili nastankom novog. Ukoliko se ovaj karcinom ko\u017ee ne le\u010di, mo\u017ee imati smrtan ishod. Sve je vi\u0161e slu\u010dajeva melanoma, koji se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javljaju kod \u017eena. Iako je melanom dosta re\u0111a pojava kod mu\u0161karaca, verovatno\u0107a smrtnog ishoda je dosta ve\u0107a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Smatra se da melanom nastaje kao posledica o\u0161te\u0107enja melanocita, \u0107elija ko\u017ee koje proizvode pigment melanin. Do o\u0161te\u0107enja ovih \u0107elija uglavnom dolazi usled preterane izlo\u017eenosti UV zra\u010denju. Melanom se uglavnom javlja kod ljudi svetlije puti. Pove\u0107an rizik od ovog karcinoma imaju ljudi koji \u017eive u izuzetno sun\u010danim podru\u010djima i \u010desto su izlo\u017eeni suncu.<\/p>\n

Neke studije su pokazale da ljudi koji su u detinjstvu dobili opekotine drugog i tre\u0107eg stepena imaju duplo ve\u0107i rizik od razvijanja ovog karcinoma.<\/p>\n

Genetska predodre\u0111enost karcinomima tako\u0111e mo\u017ee biti jedan od uzroka.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Melanom se mo\u017ee pojaviti bilo gde na telu, mada se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javlja na mestima koja su najvi\u0161e izlo\u017eena suncu. Kod tamnoputijih ljudi \u010desto se mo\u017ee razviti melanom na skrivenim mestima \u2013 ispod noktiju, izme\u0111u no\u017enih prstiju, na genitalijama, dlanovima, tabanima, u ustima, unutar digestivnog i urinarnog trakta i u o\u010dima. Neki tipovi melanoma se \u0161ire po ko\u017ei u obliku ravnih pigmentovanih fleka nepravilnog oblika. Melanom mo\u017ee biti i u obliku mlade\u017ea koji ubrzano raste.<\/p>\n

Kod starih ljudi melanom se mo\u017ee pojaviti u obliku fleka koje podse\u0107aju na pege. Ukoliko se ova vrsta melanoma ne uo\u010di i ne odstrani na vreme, mo\u017ee se pro\u0161iriti dublje u ko\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko primetite sumnjivu fleku ili mlade\u017e, kao i neki od slede\u0107ih simptoma, obavezno se obratite lekaru:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mlade\u017e koji ubrzano raste<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mlade\u017e ili fleku na ko\u017ei nepravilnih ivica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kraste na povr\u0161ini ko\u017ee<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promene boje ko\u017ee<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Najbolji na\u010din da odredite da li je u pitanju melanom je kori\u0161\u0107enje PRAIB principa. Svako od ovih slova ozna\u010dava jednu od karakteristika melanoma:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 P \u2013 pre\u010dnik (melanom obi\u010dno ima pre\u010dnik od oko 6mm)<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R \u2013 razvoj (melanom se razvija i menja oblik)<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A \u2013 asimetrija (melanom je asimetri\u010dnog oblika)<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I \u2013 ivica (melanom ima nepravilne ivice)<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B \u2013 boja (melanom se obi\u010dno javlja u vi\u0161e od jedne boje)<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neki od faktora koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od dobijanja karcinoma ko\u017ee su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana izlo\u017eenost suncu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana izlo\u017eenost UV zra\u010denju u solarijumu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Svetla put<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost \u2013 pove\u0107an rizik imaju ljudi stariji od 50 godina<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oslabljenost imunog sistema<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ko\u017ea sa velikim brojem mlade\u017ea ili pega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija karcinoma ko\u017ee u porodici<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prognoza<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Melanom se relativno lako le\u010di ukoliko se otkrije na vreme. Najlak\u0161e se le\u010di melanom koji se nalazi samo na povr\u0161ini ko\u017ee. Pacijentima kojima je odstranjen melanom se preporu\u010duju redovne kontrole kako bi se izbeglo vra\u0107anje.<\/p>\n

Ukoliko je u pitanju agresivan oblik melanoma, karcinom \u0107e se razviti duboko u ko\u017ei. U tom slu\u010daju, prognoza nije optimisti\u010dna i le\u010denje je te\u0161ko. Melanom mo\u017ee imati smrtan ishod ako se pro\u0161iri na druge delove tela.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neke od mera prevencije karcinoma ko\u017ee su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje direktnog izlaganja suncu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kori\u0161\u0107enje kreme sa za\u0161titnim faktorom<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izbegavanje solarijuma<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71557","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMelanom - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Melanom - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Melanom je vrsta karcinoma koja napada \u0107elije ko\u017ee koje proizvode melanin (pigment). Melanom se izuzetno brzo \u0161iri na druge delove tela, i mo\u017ee se razviti od postoje\u0107eg mlade\u017ea ili nastankom novog. Ukoliko se ovaj karcinom ko\u017ee ne le\u010di, mo\u017ee imati smrtan ishod. 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