{"id":71555,"date":"2017-11-07T16:11:27","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T16:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/infekcija-bubrega\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:55","slug":"infekcija-bubrega","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/infekcija-bubrega\/","title":{"rendered":"Infekcija bubrega"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pijelonefritis, odnosno infekcija bubrega, je bakterijska infekcija gornjeg dela urinarnog trakta. Bakterija koja je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e uzrok ove infekcije je Escherichia coli<\/em>, koja se u odre\u0111enim koli\u010dinama uvek nalazi u crevima.<\/p>\n

Infekcije urinarnog trakta obi\u010dno nastaju u uretri ili be\u0161ici, i napreduju sve do bubrega. Infekcije bubrega mogu biti izuzezno opasne ukoliko se ne le\u010de i do\u0111e do komplikacija. Mogu dovesti do trajnog o\u0161te\u0107enja bubrega ili se pro\u0161iriti u krvotok.<\/p>\n

Prema mestu nastanka, infekcije urinarnog trakta dele se na:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infekcije donjeg dela \u2013 uretra, be\u0161ika i prostata kod mu\u0161karaca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infekcije gornjeg dela urinarnog trakta \u2013 bubrezi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prema du\u017eini trajanja i riziku od komplikacije, infekcije bubrega mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bezopasne \u2013 uglavnom se odnosi na infekcije koje izazivaju bakterije Escherichia coli<\/em>, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus <\/em>i Staphylococcus saprophyticus<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Komplikovane – \u00a0odnose se na opstrukcije, uve\u0107anje i absces bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hroni\u010dne \u2013 infekcije koje se javljaju kao posledica kamenja u bubregu ili strukturalnih anomalija bubrega<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neki od simptoma kojima se manifestuju infekcije bubrega su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Groznica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u le\u0111ima, preponama i stomaku<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u010cesto mokrenje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konstantna potreba i bol prilikom mokrenja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mu\u010dnina<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povra\u0107anje<\/p>\n

Kod pacijenata sa kompromitovanim imunim sistemom (odoj\u010dad, stari, oboleli od HIV-a ili side) infekcija bubrega \u010desto je pra\u0107ena simptomima poput konfuzije, letargije, dehidracije, niskog krvnog pritiska i ubrzanog rada srca.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Infekcije bubrega nastaju kao posledica bakterijske infekcije. Bakterije dospevaju do urinarnog trakta kroz uretru (cev\u010dice kojom se izbacuje urin iz tela), i penju se do ostalih delova urinarnog sistema i dolaze do bubrega.<\/p>\n

Nekada bakterije mogu do\u0107i do urinarnog trakta i kroz krvotok. Ovi slu\u010dajevi nisu toliko \u010desti, i uglavnom se odnose na pacijente koji imaju ugra\u0111en ve\u0161ta\u010dki zglob ili sr\u010dani zalistak. U retkim slu\u010dajevima infekcija bubrega mo\u017ee nastati kao posledica operacije na bubrezima.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Postoji mnogo faktora koji mogu pove\u0107ati rizik od dobijanja infekcije bubrega. Neki od njih su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pol \u2013 \u017eene su dosta podlo\u017enije ovim infekcijama nego mu\u0161karci, s obzirom na to da imaju kra\u0107u uretru; rizik je pove\u0107an i kod \u017eena u predmenopauzalnom stanju i menopauzi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seksualni odnosi bez za\u0161tite \u2013 \u017eene se mogu zaraziti bakterijama tokom seksualnog odnosa, koje zbog specifi\u010dnog rasporeda reproduktivnog sistema, mogu vrlo lako do\u0107i do uretre<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Upotreba spermicida<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trudno\u0107a<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Menopauza<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uve\u0107ana prostata kod mu\u0161karaca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Urinarni kateteri<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kamenje u bubregu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes melitus (tip 2 dijabetes)<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rasa \u2013 belci su dosta podlo\u017eniji infekcijama bubrega od ostalih rasa<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ukoliko se ne le\u010de, infekcije bubrega mogu dovesti do slede\u0107ih komplikacija:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trajnog o\u0161te\u0107enja bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trovanja krvi \u2013 ukoliko se bakterije pro\u0161ire iz bubrega u krvotok<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zastoja u rastu ploda \u2013 ukoliko se trudnice ne le\u010de od infekcije, mo\u017ee dovesti do zastoja u rastu ploda koji se manifestuje niskom te\u017einom bebe po ro\u0111enju<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neke od mera prevencija infekcije bubrega:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uno\u0161enje dosta te\u010dnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Redovno mokrenje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mokrenje nakon seksualnog odnosa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odr\u017eavanje higijene genitalnog predela<\/p>\n

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