{"id":71534,"date":"2017-11-06T14:41:22","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T14:41:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/dijabetes\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:36","slug":"dijabetes","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/dijabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Dijabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dijabetes je hroni\u010dno, neizle\u010divo sistemsko oboljenje metabolizma koga karakteri\u0161e povi\u0161en nivo \u0161e\u0107era u krvi. \u0160e\u0107er, odnosno glukoza, je glavni izvor energije za mi\u0161i\u0107ne i \u0107elije tkiva. Glukoza je tako\u0111e jedan od glavnih na\u010dina kojima se mozak snabdeva energijom.<\/p>\n

Postoji dva tipa dijabetesa \u2013 tip 1 i tip 2. Dijabetes tip 1 se mo\u017ee javiti u bilo kom \u017eivotnom dobu, ali naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e nastaje u detinjstvu i adolescenciji. Tip 2 dijabetes je dosta \u010de\u0161\u0107i, i uglavnom se javlja kod ljudi starijih od 40 godina. Pored ova dva tipa dijabetesa, postoje i predijabetes i gestacioni dijabetes. Predijabetes je stanje povi\u0161ene glukoze u krvi, ali u nedovoljnoj koli\u010dini da bi se svrstala u neki od tipova dijabetesa. Gestacioni dijabetes je vrsta ove \u0161e\u0107erne bolesti koja se javlja za vreme trudno\u0107e, i obi\u010dno nestaje ubrzo nakon poro\u0111aja.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Simptomi dijabetesa mogu se zna\u010dajno razlikovati u zavisnosti od njegovog tipa. U slu\u010daju predijabetesa i dijabetesa tipa 2 \u010desto ni nema osetnih simptoma, a kod tip 1 dijabetesa oni su vrlo intenzivni i iznenadni.<\/p>\n

Neki od simptoma mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poja\u010dana \u017ee\u0111<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destalo mokrenje, pogotovo no\u0107u<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak telesne te\u017eine<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Malaksalost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana razdra\u017eljivost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zamu\u0107en vid<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sporo zarastanje rana na ko\u017ei<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destale vaginalne infekcije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destale infekcije desni i ko\u017ee<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dijabetes tip 1 nastaje kao posledica napada imunog sistema na \u0107elije koje proizvode insulin, a ta\u010dan uzrok ove pojave i dalje je nepoznat. Insulin je hormon koji reguli\u0161e unos \u0161e\u0107era u \u0107elije. Ukoliko u telu nema insulina, ili ga ima premalo, \u0161e\u0107er se akumulira u krvotoku.<\/p>\n

Genetska predispozicija i okolina se tako\u0111e mogu smatrati uzrocima dijabetesa, iako nije poznat ta\u010dan mehanizam kojim ga oni izazivaju.<\/p>\n

Dijabetes tako\u0111e mo\u017ee nastati kao posledica gojaznosti. Preterana gojaznost uti\u010de na mogu\u0107nost \u0107elija da proizvode i reaguju na insulin.<\/p>\n

Kod gestacionog dijabetesa, hormoni koji se proizvode u placenti uti\u010du na \u0107elije i \u010dine da one postanu otporne na insulin. Zbog toga se u pankreasu pove\u0107ava proizvodnja insulina, \u010dime se on dodatno akumulira u krvi trudnice.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od dijabetesa su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija dijabetesa u porodici<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spolja\u0161nji faktori \u2013 dijabetes tip 1 mo\u017ee nastati kao rezultat zarazne virusne infekcije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prisustvo autoantitela<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gojaznost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manjak fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sindrom policisti\u010dnih jajnika<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en krvni pritisak<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en holesterol<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161eni trigliceridi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija gestacionog dijabetesa \u2013 \u017eene koje su imale gestacioni dijabetes imaju 50% ve\u0107u \u0161ansu da obole od dijabetesa tipa 2<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dijabetes je hroni\u010dno oboljenje koje mo\u017ee izazvati slede\u0107e komplikacije:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kardiovaskularne bolesti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neuropatiju<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u0161te\u0107enje bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Katarakte<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Glaukome<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slepilo<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infekcije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preeklampsiju<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Implementiranjem prevencionih metoda mo\u017ee se spre\u010diti nastanak predijabetesa, gestacionog dijabetesa i dijabetesa tipa 2. Pacijentima se savetuje zdrava ishrana, redovna fizi\u010dka aktivnost i odr\u017eavanje normalne telesne te\u017eine. Tip 2 dijabetes mo\u017ee se spre\u010diti i prepisivanjem odre\u0111enih lekova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71534","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDijabetes - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dijabetes - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dijabetes je hroni\u010dno, neizle\u010divo sistemsko oboljenje metabolizma koga karakteri\u0161e povi\u0161en nivo \u0161e\u0107era u krvi. \u0160e\u0107er, odnosno glukoza, je glavni izvor energije za mi\u0161i\u0107ne i \u0107elije tkiva. Glukoza je tako\u0111e jedan od glavnih na\u010dina kojima se mozak snabdeva energijom. Postoji dva tipa dijabetesa \u2013 tip 1 i tip 2. 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