Termin kardiovaskularna bolest odnosi se na gupu bolesti koje obuhvataju srce ili sr\u010dane krvne sudove. \u010cesto se opisuju i kao bolesti srca. Sve kardiovaskularne bolesti nastaju kao posledica su\u017eenja ili blokade krvnih sudova. Ove opstrukcije krvnih sudova uglavnom se manifestuju bolom u grudima, sr\u010danim udarom ili \u0161logom. Sr\u010dani udar i \u0161log nastupaju kada se srcu, odnosno mozgu, prekine dotok krvi pojavom tromba.<\/p>\n
Postoje \u010detiri vrste kardiovaskularnih bolesti:<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koronarna arterijska bolest \u2013 izaziva aritmiju, probleme sa sr\u010danim zaliscima, kao i zatajenje srca<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mo\u017edani udar \u2013 mo\u017ee biti ishemijski ili hemoragijski (krvare\u0107i); ishemijski nastaje kada tromb prekine dotok krvi do mozga, a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0hemoragijski kada pukne krvni sud u mozgu<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Periferna arterijska bolest \u2013 umanjen dotok krvi do ekstremiteta<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolesti aorte \u2013 degenerativna bolest zida aorte ili aneurizma<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Simptomi ove bolesti zavise od\u00a0 vrste i uzroka bolesti, i mogu zna\u010dajno varirati. \u0160tavi\u0161e, simptomi kod mu\u0161karaca i \u017eena se znatno razlikuju \u2013 mu\u0161karci naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e ose\u0107aju intenzivan bol u grudima, dok se kod \u017eena naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javljaju umor, mu\u010dnina i gubitak daha. Drugi simptomi kardiovaskularnih bolesti mogu biti:<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hladno\u0107a ruku i stopala<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hladan znoj<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aritmija<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje nogu<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sivkasta ili plavkasta boja ko\u017ee<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor ili pote\u0161ko\u0107e prilikom fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161ena telesna temperatura<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destalo ka\u0161ljanje<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzrok svih kardiovaskularnih bolesti je ateroskleroza. Ateroskleroza je bolest arterija koje nastaju preteranim akumuliranjem naslaga holesterola i lipida na arterijskim zidovima. Arterije su su\u017eene a dotok krvi do organa je znatno umanjen.<\/p>\n
Drugi uzroci kardiovaskularnih bolesti mogu biti i:<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en krvni pritisak<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koronarna arterijska bolest<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stres<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sr\u010dani defekti<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bakterijske, virusne ili parazitske infekcije srca<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterano konzumiranje alkohola<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti su:<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hipertenzija<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en holesterol<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gojaznost<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija kardiovaskularnih bolesti u porodici<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izlo\u017eenost stresu<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kardiovaskularne bolesti mogu izazvati slede\u0107e komplikacije:<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aritmiju \u2013 poreme\u0107en ritam otkucaja srca; mo\u017ee biti tahikardija (ubrzan rad srca) ili bradikardija (usporen rad srca)<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa sr\u010danim zaliscima \u2013 preterana zategnutost (stenoza) ili preterana oslabljenost zalizaka (regurgitacija)<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mo\u017edani udar, tj, \u0161log \u2013 prekid dotoka krvi do mozga<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Periferna arterijska bolest \u2013 prekinut ili smanjen dotok krvi do ekstremiteta<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aneurizma \u2013 slabljenje zidova aorte usleg nagomilavanja masnih naslaga koje mo\u017ee dovesti do njenog pucanja<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sr\u010dani udar – iznenadni prestanak rada jednog dela srca<\/p>\n
\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sr\u010dani zastoj \u2013 iznenadni prestanak svih elektri\u010dnih i mehani\u010dkih aktivnosti srca<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Najbolji na\u010din da se spre\u010di nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti je vo\u0111enje zdravog i aktivnog \u017eivota. Pacijentima sa pove\u0107anim rizikom od sr\u010danih oboljenja savetuje se da prestanu sa pu\u0161enjem i konzumiranjem alkohola, kao i da reguli\u0161u krvni pritisak i holesterol. Savetuje se izbegavanje stresnih situacija i redovno opu\u0161tanje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71531","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n