{"id":71525,"date":"2017-11-06T11:58:51","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T11:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/angina-pektoris\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:28","slug":"angina-pektoris","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/angina-pektoris\/","title":{"rendered":"Angina pektoris"},"content":{"rendered":"

Angina pektoris, stenokardija, stezanje u grudima ili \u010desto samo angina, je stanje koga karakteri\u0161e sna\u017ean bol u sr\u010danom mi\u0161i\u0107u tokom fizi\u010dkog napora. Kada je bol u grudima posledica nedovoljnog dotoka krvi u sr\u010dani mi\u0161i\u0107, onda je u pitanju klasi\u010dna angina. Klasi\u010dna angina se \u010desto mo\u017ee javiti i kod zdravih osoba, i aktivna je samo tokom fizi\u010dkog napora. Sa prestankom aktivnosti, bol uglavnom nestaje.<\/p>\n

Pacijenti sa klasi\u010dnom anginom mogu razviti i akutnu anginu. U slu\u010daju akutne angine, bol u grudima i sr\u010danom mi\u0161i\u0107u je intenzivniji i du\u017ee traje, i javlja se \u010dak i tokom mirovanja. Akutna angina je oboljenje kome se treba pristupiti vrlo ozbiljno, jer skoro uvek ukazuje na postojanje drugog sr\u010danog problema.<\/p>\n

Angina pektoris se jednako javlja i kod mu\u0161karaca i kod \u017eena starijih od 60 godina. Slu\u010dajevi angine ne\u0161to su re\u0111i kod mla\u0111ih \u017eena, \u010diji su kardiovaskularni sistemi za\u0161ti\u0107eni estrogenom. Tokom menopauze opada nivo estrogena \u0161to znatno pove\u0107ava rizik od svih sr\u010danih oboljenja, a samim tim i angine.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Simptomi angine mogu se kretati od vrlo blagih i neprimetnih do vrlo bolnih i intenzivnih. Simptomi su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e jave u toku fizi\u010dkog napora, i nestaju \u010dim se prestane sa aktivno\u0161\u0107u. Neki od naj\u010de\u0161\u0107ih simptoma su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stezanje ili pritisak u grudima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neprijatan bol koji se \u0161iri uz grlo i niz levu ruku<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vrtoglavica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pove\u0107ano znojenje<\/p>\n

Pacijenti koji prvi put osete simptome angine obavezno treba da se obrate lekaru. Ukoliko se ovi simptomi javljaju \u010de\u0161\u0107e, velika je verovatno\u0107a da ih izaziva krvni ugru\u0161ak u arteriji. Ako se arterija zapu\u0161i, skoro izvesno \u0107e do\u0107i do sr\u010danog udara. Produ\u017eeno trajanje i poja\u010dan intenzitet simptoma angine mogu nastati kao posledica manje osetnog sr\u010danog udara.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzrok angine pektoris je koronarna arterijska bolest, tj. su\u017eenje arterija koje koja obezbe\u0111uju dotok krvi do sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a. Nakupljanjem masnih naslaga na zidovima arterija naziva se arteroskleroza, i ona izaziva njihovo su\u017eavanje. \u0160irina arterija pacijenata sa arterosklerozom uglavnom mo\u017ee da obezbedi dovoljan dotok krvi dok je telo u stanju mirovanja. Me\u0111utim, su\u017eene arterije ne mogu da odr\u017ee jednak dotok krvi za vreme fizi\u010dke aktivnosti, \u0161to dovodi do smanjenja nivoa kiseonika u krvi. Ako krv koja arterijom do\u0111e do srca nije dovoljno bogata kiseonikom, dolazi do akumuliranja toksi\u010dnih supstanci u sr\u010danom mi\u0161i\u0107u. \u010cak i mala koli\u010dina ovih supstanci izaziva intenzivan pritisak i gr\u010devite bolove u grudima.<\/p>\n

Ljudi koji pade od hiperlipidemija, hipertenzije ili dijabetesa \u010de\u0161\u0107e oboljevaju od arteroskleroze i koronarne arterijske bolesti. Rizik od ovih bolesti pove\u0107ava se ukoliko je pacijent pu\u0161a\u010d ili u porodici ima istoriju ovih bolesti.<\/p>\n

Angina pektoris se mo\u017ee javiti usled spazme koronarnih arterija. O\u0161te\u0107enje na sr\u010danim zaliscima umanjuje dotok krvi do sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a, zbog \u010dega dolazi do kratkotrajnog su\u017eavanja arterija.<\/p>\n

Jo\u0161 jedan uzrok angine mo\u017ee biti i anemija, zbog umanjene sposobnosti krvnih zrnaca da prenose kiseonik.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika angine pektoris su slede\u0107i:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koronarna arterijska bolest<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en holesterol<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en nivo triglicerida<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en krvni pritisak<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stres<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gojaznost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Angina pektoris mo\u017ee dovesti do sr\u010danog udara.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e mere prevencije angine pektoris su promena na\u010dina ishrane i \u017eivotnog stila.<\/p>\n

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