{"id":71516,"date":"2017-11-07T16:09:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T16:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/idiopatska-trombocitopenijska-purpura\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:20","slug":"idiopatska-trombocitopenijska-purpura","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/idiopatska-trombocitopenijska-purpura\/","title":{"rendered":"Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura"},"content":{"rendered":"

Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura predstavlja oboljenje koje dovodi do preteranog stvaranja modrica i krvarenja. Ovo oboljenje naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e je pra\u0107eno izuzetno niskim nivoom trombocita \u2013 \u0107elija koje poma\u017eu zgru\u0161avanju krvi. Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e vrsta autoimune citopenije.<\/p>\n

Ova bolest krvi mo\u017ee se javiti u kod dece i kod odraslih. Deca su podlo\u017enije idiopatskoj trombocitopenijskoj purpuri za vreme ili nakon virusnih infekcija. Ukoliko dete razvije ovo oboljenje krvi zbog virusne infekcije, ono obi\u010dno prolazi samo od sebe nakon kratkog vremena.<\/p>\n

Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura ima tendenciju da postane hroni\u010dna kod odraslih. Slu\u010dajevi hroni\u010dne ili intenzivne idiopatske trombocitopenijske purpure se mogu izle\u010diti jedino terapijom lekovima. Postoje i slu\u010dajevi koji se mogu sanirati samo operacijom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura se \u010deto bez simptoma. Ukoliko do\u0111e do pojave simptoma, oni su uglavnom blagog ili srednjeg intenziteta.<\/p>\n

Neki od simptoma kojima se manifestuje ova bolest su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava purpure \u2013 preteranog stvaranja modrica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povr\u0161insko kapilarno krvarenje na ko\u017ei nogu koje izgleda kao osip<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dug period krvarenja iz rane<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spontana krvarenja iz nosa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krv u mokra\u0107i ili stolici<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obilne menstruacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krvarenje u desnima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Iako je mehanizam nastajanja ovogo oboljenja krvi poznat i istra\u017een, jo\u0161 uvek se ne zna \u0161ta ta\u010dno uzrokuje ovu bolest. Termin \u2019\u2019idiopatski\u2019\u2019 zna\u010di \u2019\u2019nepoznatog uzroka\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Do idiopatske trombocitopenijske purpure dolazi kada se poremeti normalno funkcionisanje imunolo\u0161kog sistema. Poreme\u0107ajem u radu imunog sistema dolazi do stvaranja antitela koja napadaju trombocite u krvi. Ovo stanje dovodi do smanjivanja koncentracije trombocita koji cirkuli\u0161u u krvi.<\/p>\n

Nizak nivo trombocita pove\u0107ava rizik od krvarenja, povr\u0161inskog i unutra\u0161njeg, jer se krv ne mo\u017ee zgru\u0161ati dovoljno brzo kako bi se krvarenje prirodno zaustavilo. Ukoliko je koncentracija trombocita manja od 10,000 u mililitru krvi, mo\u017ee do\u0107i do iznenadnog unutra\u0161njeg krvarenja.<\/p>\n

Kod dece idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura se uglavnom javlja kao posledica virusne infekcije. U nekim slu\u010dajevima to mo\u017ee biti i re\u0111i oblik neke infekcije koja izaziva poreme\u0107aj rada imunog sistema.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktrori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastanka ovog oboljenja krvi su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pol \u2013 \u017eene su podlo\u017enije ovom oboljenju od mu\u0161karaca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Virusna infekcija \u2013 deca koja su nedavno prele\u017eala virusnu infekciju imaju pove\u0107an rizik od razvijanja ove vrste purpure<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ukoliko se ne uo\u010di i ne le\u010di na vreme, idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura mo\u017ee izazvati slede\u0107e komplikacije:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krvarenje \u2013 zbog smanjene koli\u010dine trombocita krv ne mo\u017ee dovoljno brzo da se zgru\u0161a kako bi se zaustavilo krvarenje. Iako je intenzivno krvarenje dosta retko, u nekim slu\u010dajevima ovo oboljenje mo\u017ee izazvati intrakranijalno krvarenje, odnosno izliv krvi u mozak, \u0161to mo\u017ee imati smrtan ishod.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odstranjivanje slezine \u2013 ovim se umanjuje dalje gubljenje trombocita, ali dolazi do trajnog pove\u0107anja rizika od drugih infekcija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak ko\u0161tane mase, katarakte i povi\u0161en nivo \u0161e\u0107era u krvi \u2013 nastaju kao posledica le\u010denja idiopatske trombocitopenijske purpure kortikosteroidima<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura u trudno\u0107i<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trudnice koje pate od ovog oboljenja krvi u najve\u0107em broju slu\u010dajeva normalno iznesu trudno\u0107u i imaju normalan poro\u0111aj. Slu\u010dajevi ovog oboljenja krvi kod trudnica su uglavnom veoma blagi.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, mo\u017ee se desiti da antitela koja ciljaju trombocite kod majke pre\u0111u u krvotok ploda preko placente. Ovo se ne mo\u017ee spre\u010diti ali se mogu izbe\u017ei dodatne komplikacije redovnim pra\u0107enjem stanja bebe nekoliko nedelja po ro\u0111enju.<\/p>\n

Trudnice koje pate od te\u017eeg oblika idiopatske trombocitopenijske purpure imaju pove\u0107an rizik od te\u0161kog krvarenja za vreme poro\u0111aja. Ukoliko se kod trudnice uo\u010di te\u017ei oblik ovog oboljenja, prepisuje se adekvatna terapija kako bi se izbegle komplikacije prilikom poro\u0111aja.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Le\u010denje<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le\u010denje ovog oboljenja krvi svodi se na odr\u017eavanja stabilnog nivoa trombocita u krvi i spre\u010davanje nastajanja komplikacija ukoliko do\u0111e do krvarenja. U zavisnosti od te\u017eine oboljenja i celokupnog stanja pacijenta, koristi se nekoliko metoda le\u010denja.<\/p>\n

Terapija lekovima:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kortikosteroidi \u2013 smanjuju aktivnost imunog sistema<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Intravenozni imunolo\u0161ki globulin \u2013 pove\u0107ava koncentraciju trombocita pre operacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Katalizatori trombopoietinskih receptora \u2013 podsti\u010du produkciju trombocita u ko\u0161tanoj sr\u017ei<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biolo\u0161ka terapija \u2013 koristi se kod ljudi sa te\u0161kim oblikom ovog oboljenja<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Operacija:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odstranjivanje slezine \u2013 te\u017eak oblik ovog oboljenja mo\u017ee se izle\u010diti samo odstranjivanjem slezine \u010dime se odstranjuju antitela koja napadaju trombocite. Ova operacija nije jednako efektivna u svim slu\u010dajevima purpure, i retko se radi kod dece.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hitna pomo\u0107:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Transfuzija trombocita<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Intravenozni metilprednizolon<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Intravenozni imunski globlin<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ostale vrste le\u010denja:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Imunosupresanti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Le\u010denje bakterijom Helicobacteris pylori<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71516","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nIdiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura predstavlja oboljenje koje dovodi do preteranog stvaranja modrica i krvarenja. Ovo oboljenje naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e je pra\u0107eno izuzetno niskim nivoom trombocita \u2013 \u0107elija koje poma\u017eu zgru\u0161avanju krvi. Idiopatska trombocitopenijska purpura je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e vrsta autoimune citopenije. 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