{"id":71508,"date":"2017-11-07T15:44:46","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T15:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/hiperparatiroidizam\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:13","slug":"hiperparatiroidizam","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/hiperparatiroidizam\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiperparatiroidizam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hiperparatiroidizam je oboljenje \u0161titne \u017elezde koje dovodi do preteranog lu\u010denja paratiroidnog hormona u krvotok. Paratiroidne \u017elezde, nekada i para\u0161titaste, su \u017elezde endokrinog sistema koje se nalaze u vratu. Funkcija ove \u017elezde je da lu\u010di paratiroidne hormone. Paratiroidni hormoni su vrsta hormona koja odr\u017eava normalan nivo kalcijuma u krvotoku i tkivima \u010dije funkcionisanje zavisi od ovog minerala.<\/p>\n

Oboljenje hiperparatiroidizma se deli na dve vrste \u2013 primarni i sekundarni hiperparatiroidizam. Kod primarnog hiperparatiroidizma dolazi uve\u0107anja jedne ili vi\u0161e paratiroidnih \u017elezda. Ovo uve\u0107anje izaziva preteranu proizvonju paratiroidnih hormona \u0161to dovodi do hiperkalcemije \u2013 stanja povi\u0161enog kalcijuma u krvi. Ova vrsta hiperparatiroidizma je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107a i uglavnom se le\u010di operacijom. Sekundarni hiperparatiroidizam se javlja kao posledica nekog drugog oboljenja. Oboljenja koja dovode do smanjivanja nivoa kalcijuma u organizmu vremenom izazovu i preterano lu\u010denje paratiroidnog hormona.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Simptomi kojima se manifestuje ovo oboljenje su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krhke kosti koje se lako lome \u2013 osteoporoza<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava kamenja u bubregu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destalo mokrenje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u abdomenu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ose\u0107aj slabosti i malaksalosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Depresija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zaboravnost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u kostima i zglobovima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mu\u010dnina i povra\u0107anje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak apetita<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destalo \u017ealjenje na lo\u0161e zdravstveno stanje<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hiperparatiroidizam se javlja kao posledica uticaja faktora koji pove\u0107avaju lu\u010denje paratiroidnog hormona. Uzroci ovog oboljenja se razlikuju u zavisnosti od toga da li je ono primarno ili sekundarno.<\/p>\n

Uzroci primarnog hiperparatiroidizma su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adenoma, odnosno nekancerogeni tumor, na paratiroidnoj \u017elezdi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hiperplazija \u2013 uve\u0107anje jedne ili vi\u0161e paratiroidnih \u017elezda<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava malignog tumora na paratiroidnoj \u017elezdi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Primarni hiperparatiroidizam se javlja nasumi\u010dno ve\u0107ine ljudi bez obzira na pol i godine. Postoje retki slu\u010dajevi u kojima se ovo oboljenje javlja zbog prisustva odre\u0111enog naslednog gena.<\/p>\n

Uzroci sekundarnog hiperparatiroidizma su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oboljenja digestivnog trakta koja onemogu\u0107avaju apsorpciju nutrijenata i dovode do nedostatka kalcijuma<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nedostatak vitamina D \u2013 nedostatak ovog vitamina mo\u017ee izazvati i nedostak kalcijuma<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hroni\u010dno zatajenje bubrega \u2013 ovo oboljenje onemogu\u0107ava bubrezima da prera\u0111uju vitamin D, \u0161to opet izaziva hroni\u010dni nedostatak kalcijuma<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastajanja hiperparatiroidizma su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pol i starost \u2013 ovom endokrinom oboljenju su podlo\u017enije \u017eene u menopauzi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hroni\u010dni nedostatak kalcijuma i vitamina D<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Endokrina neoplazija tip 1 \u2013 retko kongenitalno oboljenje endokrinog sistema<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Litijum<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terapija radijacijom \u2013 pogotovo ukoliko se zra\u010di i vrat<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Komplikacije hiperparatiroidizma su uglavnom vezane za stanja i oboljenja koja nastaju kao posledica hroni\u010dnog nedostatka kalcijuma i kostima i preterane akumulacije kalcijuma u krvi.<\/p>\n

Neke od tih komplikacija mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Osteoporoza \u2013 nedostatak kalcijuma izaziva krhkost kostiju<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kamenje u bubregu \u2013 nagomilavanje kalcijuma u krvi dovodi do nagomilavanja kalcijuma u urinu, \u0161to mo\u017ee dovesti do pojave tvrdih agregata u bubrezima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kardiovaskularne bolesti \u2013 povi\u0161en krvni pritisak uti\u010de na nivo kalcijuma u krvi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neonatalni hipoparatiroidizam \u2013 ukoliko se hiperparatiroidizam ne le\u010di kod trudnica, mo\u017ee do\u0107i do \u017ee\u0161\u0107eg nedostatka kalcijuma kod novoro\u0111en\u010dadi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71508","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHiperparatiroidizam - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hiperparatiroidizam - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hiperparatiroidizam je oboljenje \u0161titne \u017elezde koje dovodi do preteranog lu\u010denja paratiroidnog hormona u krvotok. 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