{"id":71506,"date":"2017-11-07T15:40:03","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T15:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/hiperglicemija-i-dijabetes\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:11","slug":"hiperglicemija-i-dijabetes","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/hiperglicemija-i-dijabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiperglicemija i dijabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hiperglicemija i dijabetes<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hiperglicemija predstavlja stanje pove\u0107anog nivoa \u0161e\u0107era u krvi koje se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javlja kod ljudi koji pate od dijabetesa. Hiperglicemija se mo\u017ee javiti za vreme dijabetesa kao posledica ishrane, fizi\u010dke aktivnosti, raznih bolesti, uzimanja lekova koji nisu pogodni za pacijente sa dijabetesom kao i nedovoljnog uzimanja lekova koji smanjuju nivo glukoze u krvi.<\/p>\n

Hiperglicemija mo\u017ee biti ozbiljno oboljenje kada se javi zajedno sa dijabetesom, i zahteva hitnu medicinsku negu. Ukoliko se ne uo\u010di i ne le\u010di na vreme, ovo oboljenje se mo\u017ee pogor\u0161ati i izazvati opasne posledice po zdravlje pacijenta, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e dijabeti\u010dku komu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/h2>\n

Simtomi ranog stadijuma hiperglicemije su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u010destalo mokrenje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poja\u010dana \u017ee\u0111<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zamu\u0107en vid<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Glavobolje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor i malaksalost<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hiperglicemija u podmaklom stadijumu se manifestuje slede\u0107im simptomima:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mu\u010dnina i povra\u0107anje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zadah vo\u0107kastog ili citrusnog mirisa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suvo\u0107a usta<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u predelu abdomena<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slabost i malaksalost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konfuzija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koma<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci<\/h2>\n

Za vreme procesa varenja, organizam rastvara i razbija ugljene hidrate na molekule \u0161e\u0107era. Glukoza je jedan od molekula koji \u010dine \u0161e\u0107er, i predstavlja glavni izvor energije za telo.<\/p>\n

Pove\u0107an nivo glukoze u krvi daje signal pankreasu da treba da lu\u010di ve\u0107u koli\u010dinu insulina. Insulin je enzim koji pove\u0107ava sposobnost \u0107elija da prime glukozu, i time obezbe\u0111uje dovoljnu koli\u010dinu energije za odr\u017evanja normalnog \u0107elijskog metabolizma. Vi\u0161ak glukoze koga ne upiju \u0107elije se talo\u017ei u jetri i mi\u0161i\u0107ima u obliku glikogena \u2013 energetskih zaliha kojima se hrane mi\u0161i\u0107i. Zahvaljuju\u0107i ovom procesu se umanjuje nivo slobodne glukoze u krvi i spre\u010dava njeno nagomilavanje.<\/p>\n

Dijabetes je oboljenje koje neutrali\u0161e efekte insulina i dovodi do preterane akumulacije glukoze u krvotoku, \u0161to kao posledicu ima hiperglicemiju.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od nastajanja hiperglicemije:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nepravilno uzimanje insulina<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odstupanje od re\u017eima ishrane za dijabeti\u010dare<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manjak fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava bolesti ili infekcije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povreda ili operacija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uzimanje steroida<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preteran emotivni stres<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Komplikacije<\/h2>\n

Dugoro\u010dne komplikacije:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kardiovaskularne bolesti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neuropatija \u2013 o\u0161te\u0107enje nerava<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabeti\u010dka nefropatija \u2013 o\u0161te\u0107enje bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zatajenje bubrega<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabeti\u010dka retinopatija \u2013 o\u0161te\u0107enje krvnih sudova u retini koje mo\u017ee dovesti do slepila<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Katarakte<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Slaba cirkulacija u stopalima koja mo\u017ee dovesti do amputacije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Problemi sa kostima i zglobovima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hroni\u010dne bakterijske i gljivi\u010dne infekcije ko\u017ee<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infekcije zuba i desni<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hiperglicemija za vreme dijabetesa mo\u017ee izazvati i akutne komplikacije:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabeti\u010dka ketoacidoza \u2013 zbog nedovoljno insulina u telu energija se dobija rastvaranjem masti, \u0161to dovodi do osloba\u0111anja toksi\u010dnih kiselina \u2013 ketona. Mo\u017ee dovesti do dijabeti\u010dke kome.<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hiperglicemi\u010dni hiperosmolarni sindrom \u2013 sindrom koji umanjuje efektivnost insulina koji se proizvede u pankreasu. Mo\u017ee dovesti do ekstremne dehidracije.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevencija<\/h2>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Striktno pra\u0107enje re\u017eima ishrane za dijabeti\u010dare<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rednovno pra\u0107enja nivoa \u0161e\u0107era u krvi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Redovno uzimanje prepisane terapije<\/p>\n

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