{"id":71501,"date":"2017-11-06T12:47:33","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T12:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/bolesti-srca\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:59:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:59:06","slug":"bolesti-srca","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/bolesti-srca\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolesti srca"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bolestima srca se smatraju sva stanja, sindromi i oboljenja koja uti\u010du na normalno funckionisanje srca. Bolesti srca se \u010desto nazivaju i kardiovaskularnim bolestima. Neke od naj\u010de\u0161\u0107ih kardiovaskularnih bolesti su oboljenja krvnih sudova srca kao na primer koronarna arterijska bolest, aritmije (problemi sa brzinom otkucaja srca) kao i kongenitalni sr\u010dani defekti.<\/p>\n

Kardiovaskularne bolesti naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e nastaju kao posledica stanja koja dovode do su\u017eavanja ili blokade krvnih sudova koji vode do srca. Prekinut ili smanjen dotok krvi do srca mo\u017ee izazvati zatajenje srca, sr\u010dani udar, intenzivan bol u grudima ili \u0161log.<\/p>\n

Bolesti koje se javljaju na sr\u010danom mi\u0161i\u0107u i sr\u010danim zaliscima, kao i bolesti koje uti\u010du na ritam otkucaja srca tako\u0111e se smatraju vrstom kardiovaskularnih, odnosno bolesti srca.<\/p>\n

Veliki broj kardiovaskularnih bolesti se mo\u017ee spre\u010diti ili \u010dak izle\u010diti vo\u0111enjem zdravog \u017eivota sa redovnom fizi\u010dkom aktivno\u0161\u0107u i izbalansiranom ishranom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca mogu zna\u010dajno varirati u zavisnosti od toga koja je vrsta bolesti u pitanju.<\/p>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca u krvnim sudovima (ateroskleroti\u010dne bolesti) mogu biti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Angina \u2013 bol u grudima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol, utrnutost, slabost ili hladno\u0107a u hogama i rukama \u2013 de\u0161ava se kada su o\u0161te\u0107eni krvni sudovi u ekstremitetima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u vratu, vilici, grlu, gornjem delu abdomena i le\u0111ima<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca koje su posledica sr\u010danih aritmija:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Treperenje plu\u0107a<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tahikardija \u2013 ubrzan rad srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bradikardija \u2013 usporen rad srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol i neprijatan ose\u0107aj u plu\u0107ima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konfuzija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vrtoglavica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak svesti<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi kongenitalnih sr\u010danih defekata:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cijanoza \u2013 pojava plave ili sive boje ko\u017ee<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje u nogama, abdomenu ili u predelu oko o\u010diju<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha kod odoj\u010dadi prilikom dojenja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Usporen rast i razvoj kod novoro\u0111en\u010dadi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Neki od drugih, manje ozbiljnih simptoma kojima se manifestuju kongenitalni sr\u010dani defekti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha za vreme ve\u017ebanja ili intenzivne fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lako umaranje za vreme fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje \u0161aka, zglobova, \u010dlanaka i stopala<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca koje nastaju kao posledica slabosti sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a (dilatirane kardiomiopatije) su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha prilikom fizi\u010dke aktivnosti i mirovanja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje nogu, \u010dlanaka i stopala<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Malaksalost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neravnomerni i sna\u017eni otkucaji srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vrtoglavica, konfuzija i gubitak svesti<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bolesti srca koje nastaju kao posledica infekcija srca:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perikarditis \u2013 javlja se na tkivima koja okru\u017euju srce, odnosno perikardijumu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mijokarditis \u2013 javlja se na mi\u0161i\u0107u koji se nalazi u srednjem sloju zidova srca, odnosno mijokardijumu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Endokarditis \u2013 javlja se na unutra\u0161njoj membrani koja razdvaja komore i zalistke u srcu, odnosno endokardijumu<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca koje nastaju kao posledica infekcija srca:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161ena telesna temperatura i groznica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plitak dah<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor i malaksalost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje nogu ili abdomena<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promene u ritmu otkucaja srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava upornog suvog ka\u0161lja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojava neobi\u010dnh osipa ili fleka na ko\u017ei<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi bolesti srca koje nastaju kao posledica bolesti sr\u010danih zalistaka:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Umor<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak daha<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neravnomeran ritam kucanja srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oticanje stopala i \u010dlanaka<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bol u grudima<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sinkopa \u2013 u\u010destalo gubljenje svesti<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Uzroci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uzroci bolesti srca mogu zna\u010dajno varirati u zavisnosti od toga koja je ta\u010dno bolest u pitanju.<\/p>\n

Uzroci kardiovaskularnih bolesti:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ateroskleroza \u2013 ateroskleroza predstavlja oboljenje arterija do koga dolazi preteranom akumulacijom masnih naslaga i plaka na zidovima krvnih sudova. Preterano nagomilavanje ovih naslaga dovodi do stvrdnjavanja i zadebljavanja zidova arterija, \u0161to zna\u010dajno smanjuje koli\u010dinu krvi koja te\u010de kroz arterije. Ateroskleroza se uglavnom javlja kao posledica nezdrave ishrane, manjka fizi\u010dke aktivnosti, preterane gojaznosti i pu\u0161enja<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci sr\u010danih aritmija:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kongenitalni sr\u010dani defekti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koronarna arterijska bolest<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en krvni pritisak<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterano konzumiranje i zloupotreba alkohola<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterano konzumiranje kofeina<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konzumiranje ilegalnih droga<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stres<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odre\u0111ene vrste lekova koji se mogu kupiti bez lekarskog recepta, kao na primer dijetetski suplementi i biljni preparati<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolest sr\u010danih zalistaka<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci kongenitalnih sr\u010danih defekata:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promene u strukturi sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a tokom vremena<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uzimanje odre\u0111enih lekova koji mogu modifikovati strukturu srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prisustvo gena koji mogu izazvati stvaranje deformiteta na srcu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promena koli\u010dine krvi koja te\u010de kroz srce ploda u materici<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci kardiomiopatija (zadebljanja ili uve\u0107anja sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a):<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dilatirana kardiomiopatija \u2013 ova vrsta kardiomiopatije nastaje kao posledica ishemijske bolesti srca, odnosno smanjenog dotoka krvi do srca. Mo\u017ee nasatati i kao posledica infekcija, izlo\u017eenosti toksinima, uzimanja ilegalnih droga kao i prisustva gena koji dovodi do ishemije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hiperotrofi\u010dna kardiomiopatija \u2013 oboljenja vezivnih tkiva ili preterano nagomilavanje gvo\u017e\u0111a u telu mogu dovesti do hiperotrofi\u010dne kardiomiopatije. Ova vrsta kardiomiopatije dovodi do smanjivanja elasti\u010dnosti sr\u010danog mi\u0161i\u0107a i njegovog postepenog stvrdnjavanja. \u010cesto se mo\u017ee javiti i bez vidljivog uzroka. Pove\u0107an rizik od ove vrste kardiomiopatije imaju pacijenti koji primaju terapije protiv karcinoma<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci infekcija srca:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bakterije<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Virusi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paraziti<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci bolest sr\u010danih zalistaka:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reumatska groznica<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Infekcije \u2013 naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e infektivni endokarditis<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolesti vezivnog tkiva<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Faktori rizika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od bolesti srca su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Starost \u2013 rizik od ovih bolesti se pove\u0107ava sa godinama<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pol \u2013 mu\u0161karci su podlo\u017eniji bolestima srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Istorija sr\u010danih oboljenja u porodici<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nezdrava ishrana<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en krvni pritisak \u2013 hipertenzija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Povi\u0161en nivo holesterola u krvi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dijabetes<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preterana gojaznost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konstantna izlo\u017eenost stresu<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nedovoljno fizi\u010dke aktivnosti<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lo\u0161e odr\u017eavanje li\u010dne higijene<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Komplikacije<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Komplikacije koje mogu nastati kao posledica bolesti srca su:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zatajenje srca \u2013 nemogu\u0107nost srca da pumpa dovoljnu koli\u010dinu krvi<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sr\u010dani udar \u2013 nastaje kada se usled tromba ili ateroskleroze prekine dotok krvi do srca<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0160log \u2013 prekinut dotok krvi do mozga<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aneurizma \u2013 zadebljanje na zidovima arterija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bolest perifernih arterija<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Akutno zatajenje srca<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Rizik od nastajanja bolesti srca mo\u017ee se umanjiti primenjivanjem slede\u0107ih metoda:<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prestanak pu\u0161enja<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regulisanje nivoa krvnog pritiska i holesterola<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kontrolisanje simptoma dijabetesa<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Redovna fizi\u010dka aktivnost<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odr\u017eavanje normalne telesne te\u017eine<\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Odr\u017eavanje li\u010dne higijene.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71501","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBolesti srca - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bolesti srca - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bolestima srca se smatraju sva stanja, sindromi i oboljenja koja uti\u010du na normalno funckionisanje srca. Bolesti srca se \u010desto nazivaju i kardiovaskularnim bolestima. Neke od naj\u010de\u0161\u0107ih kardiovaskularnih bolesti su oboljenja krvnih sudova srca kao na primer koronarna arterijska bolest, aritmije (problemi sa brzinom otkucaja srca) kao i kongenitalni sr\u010dani defekti. 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