{"id":71456,"date":"2017-11-09T14:00:27","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T14:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/talasemija\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:58:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:58:26","slug":"talasemija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/talasemija\/","title":{"rendered":"Talasemija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Talasemija je nasledni poreme\u0107aj krvi koji se javlja u porodici. Kod ovog poreme\u0107aja telo stvara abnormalni oblik hemoglobina. Hemoglobin je protein crvenih krvnih zrnaca koji slu\u017ei za prenos kiseonika. Ovaj poreme\u0107aj rezultira uni\u0161tavanjem velikog broja crvenih krvnih zrnaca, \u0161to dovodi do anemije.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomi<\/span><\/h2>\n

Najozbiljniji oblik oboljenja je \u201calfa talasemija major\u201d, koja mo\u017ee da dovede do mrtvoro\u0111en\u010deta (smrti nero\u0111ene bebe prilikom poro\u0111aja ili u poodmakloj trudno\u0107i).<\/span><\/p>\n

Deca ro\u0111ena sa talasemijom major (Kulijeva anemija) normalna su po ro\u0111enju, ali se tokom prve godine \u017eivota javlja te\u0161ki oblik anemije. <\/span><\/p>\n

Me\u0111u ostalim simptomima su:<\/span><\/p>\n

Deformiteti kostiju lica<\/span><\/p>\n

Umor<\/span><\/p>\n

Nemogu\u0107nost rasta<\/span><\/p>\n

Kratak dah<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017dutilo ko\u017ee (\u017eutica)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Osobe koje imaju lak\u0161i oblik alfa i beta talasemije imaju smanjeni broj crvenih krvnih zrnaca, ali nemaju simptome.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uzroci<\/span><\/h2>\n

Hemoglobin je sa\u010dinjen od dva proteina: alfa globina i beta globina. Talasemija se javlja kada postoji defekt na genu koji poma\u017ee u kontroli proizvodnje jednog od ova dva proteina. <\/span><\/p>\n

Postoje dva glavna tipa talasemije:<\/span><\/p>\n

Alfa talasemija javlja se kada gen ili geni vezani za alfa globin ne postoje ili su mutirani. <\/span><\/p>\n

Beta talasemija nastaje kada defekt sli\u010dnog gena uti\u010de na proizvodnju protein beta globina. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Postoje brojni oblici talasemije. Svaki tip ima nekoliko razli\u010ditih podtipova. I alfa i beta talasemija obuhvataju slede\u0107a dva oblika:<\/span><\/p>\n

Talasemija major<\/span><\/p>\n

Talasemija minor<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Osoba mora da nasledi defektni gen od oba roditelja kako bi dobila talasemiju major. <\/span><\/p>\n

Talasemija minor javlja se kod osoba koja dobiju defektni gen samo od jednog roditelja. Osobe sa ovim oblikom poreme\u0107aja su nosioci oboljenja. U ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva, oni nemaju nikakve simptome. Beta talasemija major tako\u0111e se naziva i Kulijeva anemija.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Faktori rizika<\/span><\/h2>\n

Faktori koji pove\u0107avaju rizik od talasemije su: <\/span><\/p>\n

Porodi\u010dna istorija talasemije. Talasemija se prenosi sa roditelja na decu preko mutiranog gena za stvaranje hemoglobina. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pripadnost etni\u010dkoj grupi i poreklo. Talasemija se \u010de\u0161\u0107e javlja kod ljudi poreklom iz Italije, Gr\u010dke, Srednjeg Istoka, Azije i Afrike.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Komplikacije<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nele\u010dena talasemija major dovodi do otkazivanja srca i problema sa jetrom. Osoba sa ovim oboljenjem je tako\u0111e podlo\u017enija infekcijama. <\/span><\/p>\n

Transfuzija krvi mo\u017ee da pomogne u kontroli nekih simptoma, ali donosi rizik od pojave prevelike koli\u010dine gvo\u017e\u0111a. <\/span><\/p>\n

Te\u017eak oblik talasemije mo\u017ee da dovede do prerane smrti (izme\u0111u 20 i 30 godina starosti) zbog otkazivanja srca. Dobijanje redovne transfuzije krvi i terapije za uklanjanje gvo\u017e\u0111a iz tela mo\u017ee da pobolj\u0161a ishod bolesti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Manje ozbiljni oblici talasemije \u010desto ne skra\u0107uju \u017eivotni vek.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevencija<\/span><\/h2>\n

U najve\u0107em broju slu\u010dajeva, talasemija ne mo\u017ee da se spre\u010di. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71456","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTalasemija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Talasemija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Talasemija je nasledni poreme\u0107aj krvi koji se javlja u porodici. Kod ovog poreme\u0107aja telo stvara abnormalni oblik hemoglobina. Hemoglobin je protein crvenih krvnih zrnaca koji slu\u017ei za prenos kiseonika. 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Kod ovog poreme\u0107aja telo stvara abnormalni oblik hemoglobina. Hemoglobin je protein crvenih krvnih zrnaca koji slu\u017ei za prenos kiseonika. 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