{"id":71279,"date":"2017-11-08T19:39:07","date_gmt":"2017-11-08T19:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/perimenopauza-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:55:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:55:48","slug":"perimenopauza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/perimenopauza\/","title":{"rendered":"Perimenopauza"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"definicija\">Definicija<\/h2>\n<p>Perimenopauza sa zna\u010denjem \u2019\u2019u periodu menopauze\u2019\u2019 odnosi se na menopauzalni period tranzicije kada se \u017eenski organizam kre\u0107e ka nastanku trajnog infertiliteta (menopauzi). To je period kada ovarijumi postepeno prestaju sa lu\u010denjem estrogena (glavnog \u017eenskog hormona). Kod osoba \u017eenskog pola perimenopauza javlja se u razli\u010ditoj uzrastnoj grupi. Ipak, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se znaci i simptomi kao \u0161to su iregularno menstrualno krvarenje mogu pojaviti u periodu oko \u010detredesetih godina \u017eivotnog veka. Kod nekih osoba \u017eenskog pola navedene promene mogu postati primetne jo\u0161 u periodu od sredine tridesetih godina.<\/p>\n<p>Perimenopauza traje sve do po\u010detka menopauze (period od 12 meseci bez menstrualnog krvarenja), momenta kada ovarijumi prestaju sa sintezom jajnih \u0107elija. Tokom godina, pad u koncentraciji estrogena se ubrzava i kod \u017eene nastaju simptomi sli\u010dni menopauzalnim kao \u0161to su topli valunzi, umor, gubitak libida i vaginalna suvo\u0107a.<\/p>\n<p>Terapeutski modaliteti dostupni su u cilju olak\u0161avanja diskomfora udru\u017eenog sa menopauzalnim simptomima.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Tokom perimenopauzalnog perioda, znaci i simptomi mogu uklju\u010divati:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Menstrualnu iregularnost: kako ovulacije postaju sve nepredvidljivije, vremenski period izme\u0111u menstrualnih perioda se skra\u0107uje ili produ\u017eava, sa prisutnim bla\u017eim ili obilnijim krvarenjem kao i povremenim izostankom krvarenja.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Topli valunzi i poreme\u0107aji sna: Kod ve\u0107ine osoba \u017eenskog pola pojava toplih valunga tokom perimenopauze kao i poreme\u0107aji sna \u010desto su rezultat pojave toplih valunga.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poreme\u0107aji raspolo\u017eenja : kod odre\u0111enih osoba \u017eenskog pola poreme\u0107aji raspolo\u017eenja, iritabilnosti kao i pove\u0107ani rizik za nastanak depresije prisutni su tokom perimenopauze.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Vaginalno krvarenje i disfunkcija mokra\u0107ne be\u0161ike: uz pove\u0107anje nivoa estrogena, vaginalno tkivo gubi na vla\u017enosti i elasticitetu \u0161to uslovljava bolan seksualni odnos. \u00a0\u00a0Gubitak tkivnog tonusa mo\u017ee doprineti urinarnoj inkontinenciji ili \u010dak pojavi vaginalne infekcije usled konstantne iritacije navedene regije.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poreme\u0107aj fertiliteta: kako ovulacije postaju iregularnije, posledi\u010dno se smanjuje reproduktivna sposobnost \u017eene. Izbegavanje potencijalne trudno\u0107e u neplaniranom periodu mo\u017ee se posti\u0107i upotrebom kontraceptivnih metoda.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sni\u017een libido: tokom perimenopauze, seksualno uzbu\u0111enje kao i \u017eelja kod ve\u0107ine \u017eena mo\u017ee nestati i naj\u010de\u0161\u010de biti odsutna tokom kao i nakon perimenopauze.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gubitak ko\u0161tanog tkiva: sa sni\u017eenjem nivoa estrogena, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se javlja i gubitak ko\u0161tanog tkiva. Nemogu\u0107nost reparacije ko\u0161tanog tkiva brzinom kojom se resorbuje ko\u0161tano tkivo pove\u0107ava \u0161anse za nastanak osteoporoze (stanje kada ko\u0161tano tkivo postaje krto\u00a0 i osetljivo).<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Promene nivoa holesterola: Pad u koncentraciji nivoa estrogena mo\u017ee izazvati porast u nivou lipoproteina male gustine (LDL) koji se naziva i lo\u0161 holesterol koji\u00a0 mo\u017ee usloviti pove\u0107an rizik za nastanak sr\u010danih oboljenja.<\/p>\n<p>Istovremeno, koncentracije\u00a0 lipoproteina visoke gustine (HDL) koji se naziva i dobar holesterol se sni\u017eavaju kod osoba \u017eenskog\u00a0 pola tokom fiziolo\u0161kog procesa starenja, \u0161to tako\u0111e uslovljava pove\u0107an rizik za nastanak sr\u010danih oboljenja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"uzroci\">Uzroci<\/h2>\n<p>Kako \u017eena prolazi kroz period menopauzalne tranzicije, produkcija estrogena i progesterona u organizmu pove\u0107ava se i sni\u017eava. Perimenopauza nastaje usled promena u nivou koncentracija estrogena i progesterona.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faktori-rizika\">Faktori rizika<\/h2>\n<p>Menopauza predstavlja fiziolo\u0161ki proces u reproduktivnom \u017eivotu \u017eene, ali se kod nekih osoba \u017eenskog pola mo\u017ee javiti znatno ranije nego kod ostalih. Odre\u0111eni faktori koji mogu doprineti po\u010detku perimenopauze u ranijem \u017eivotnom dobu podrazumevaju:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konzumaciju duvana<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Postojanje porodi\u010dne istorije za raniji nastanak menopauze<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prethodni tretman hemoterapijom ili radijacijom pelvi\u010dne regije<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prethodna histerektomija (hirur\u0161ko uklanjanje uterusa)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"komplikacije\">Komplikacije<\/h2>\n<div>Iregularna menstrualna krvarenja predstavljaju naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i perimenopauzalni faktor. U ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva, ovo predstavlja fiziolo\u0161ki proces. Slede\u0107i znaci mogu indikovati prisustvo uzro\u010dnog poreme\u0107aja \u017eenskog reproduktivnog sistema koji bi zahtevao dalji medicinski tretman. Konsultacija lekara neophodna je u slede\u0107im situacijama:<\/div>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obilnog menstrualnog krvarenja<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kada menstrualno krvarenje traje du\u017ee od sedam dana<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pojave krvarenja izme\u0111u menstrualnih perioda<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Menstrualni ciklusi se javljaju u razmaku manjem od 21\u2013og dana<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"lecenje\">Le\u010denje<\/h2>\n<p>Osnovni terapeutski modalitet le\u010denja kod perimenopauze jeste primena medikamentozne terapije. Upotreba razli\u010ditih medikamenata podrazumeva slede\u0107e:<\/p>\n<p>Hormonalnu terapiju: upotreba sistematske terapije estrogenom u formi tableta, ko\u017enih aplikatora, gel krema u cilju olak\u0161anja perimenopauzalnih i menopauzalnih simptoma kao i toplih valunga i no\u0107nog znojenja. Sistematska primena estrogena mo\u017ee tako\u0111e doprineti prevenciji gubitka ko\u0161tanog tkiva.<\/p>\n<p>Vaginalni estrogen: \u00a0upotreba estrogena u formi vaginalnih tableta, prstena ili kreme u cilju apsorpcije od strane vaginalnog tkiva kao i olak\u0161anja tegoba kao \u0161to su suvo\u0107a vagine, nelagodnost tokom seksualnog odnosa i odre\u0111ene urinarne tegobe.<\/p>\n<p>Antidepresivi: upotreba grupe lekova kao \u0161to su selektivni inhibitori preuzimanja serotonina (SSSRIs) u cilju kontrole i redukcije menopauzalnih toplih valunga.<\/p>\n<p>Gabapentin (Neurontin): upotreba ovih lekova u kontroli epilepti\u010dkih napada i olak\u0161avanju tegoba toplih valunga. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e je korisna primena ovih lekova kod osoba \u017eenskog pola sa postojanjem migrena i kod kojih primena estrogena nije indikovana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71279","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Perimenopauza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perimenopauza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Definicija Perimenopauza sa zna\u010denjem \u2019\u2019u periodu menopauze\u2019\u2019 odnosi se na menopauzalni period tranzicije kada se \u017eenski organizam kre\u0107e ka nastanku trajnog infertiliteta (menopauzi). 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