{"id":71235,"date":"2017-11-06T20:14:36","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T20:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/emfizem\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:55:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:55:10","slug":"emfizem","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/diseases\/emfizem\/","title":{"rendered":"Emfizem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Emfizem je dugotrajna plu\u0107na bolest. Ona ugro\u017eava sitne plu\u0107ne mehurove (alveole) i uni\u0161tava tkivo plu\u0107a \u0161to za posledicu ima ote\u017eano disanje. Postoji nekoliko uzroka emfizema, ali je pu\u0161enje daleko naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzrok. Kod emfizema, unutra\u0161nji zidovi disajnih puteva su oslabljeni, dolazi do njihovog pucanja i stvaranje ve\u0107eg vadzu\u0161nog prostora. Ovim putem povr\u0161ina u plu\u0107ima u kojoj se vr\u0161i razmena gasova se smanjuje, pa samim tim i koncentracija kiseonika u krvotoku. O\u0161te\u0107ene plu\u0107ne alveole ne obavljaju svoju funkciju onako kako treba, dolazi do zarobljavanja vazduha \u010dime se smanjuje prostor za ulazak vazduha koji je bogat kiseonikom. Le\u010denje emfizeme mo\u017ee da dovede do usporavanja napretka bolesti, me\u0111utim, nema leka koji bi pomogao u saniranju o\u0161te\u0107enja na plu\u0107ima.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Glavni simptom emfizema je kratak dah, koji obi\u010dno postepeno po\u010dne da se ispoljava. U po\u010detku mo\u017ee da ometa osobu u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnost, a \u010dak mo\u017ee i da se javi tokom odmora. Me\u0111u drugim simptomima su kijanje, umor i hroni\u010dni ka\u0161alj.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"uzroci\">Uzroci<\/h2>\n<p>Nakon \u010deste izlo\u017eenosti zaga\u0111enju i toksinima u vazduhu, plu\u0107ne alveoli se zapale i dolazi do njihovog o\u0161te\u0107enja. Disajni putevi zdravih plu\u0107a su elasti\u010dni, me\u0111utim, nakon konstantne izlo\u017eenosti nadra\u017eajima, oni gube svoju elasti\u010dnost i skloniji su zapaljenju i smanjenju kapaciteta.<\/p>\n<p>Glavni uzrok emfizema je dugoro\u010dna izlo\u017eenost toksi\u010dnim materijama u vazduhu:<\/p>\n<p>Duvanski dim<\/p>\n<p>Dim marihuane<\/p>\n<p>Zaga\u0111enost vazduha<\/p>\n<p>Toksi\u010dna isparenja<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faktori-rizika\">Faktori rizika<\/h2>\n<p>Faktori koji su povezani sa rizikom nastanka emfizema su slede\u0107i:<\/p>\n<p>Starosna dob (uobi\u010dajeno se javlja izme\u0111u 40. i 60. godine \u017eivota)<\/p>\n<p>Pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n<p>Pasivno pu\u0161enje<\/p>\n<p>Izlo\u017eenost toksi\u010dnim parama (hemikalije ili pra\u0161ina iz fabrika i rudnika)<\/p>\n<p>Izlo\u017eenost zaga\u0111enom vazduhu (isparenja od mazuta, izduvni gasovi)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"komplikacije\">Komplikacije<\/h2>\n<p>Osobe sa emfizemom sklonije su nastanku slede\u0107ih komplikacija:<\/p>\n<p>Kolaps plu\u0107a (pneumotoraks) zbog o\u0161te\u0107ene funckije plu\u0107a<\/p>\n<p>Sr\u010dani problemi (plu\u0107no srce) zbog pove\u0107anog pritiska u arterijama koje povezuju srce i plu\u0107a<\/p>\n<p>Velike rupe u plu\u0107ima (giant bullae)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prevencija\">Prevencija<\/h2>\n<p>Nekoliko preporuka mogu da pomognu u spre\u010davanju nastanka emfizema:<\/p>\n<p>Prestanak pu\u0161enja<\/p>\n<p>Izbegavanje pasivnog pu\u0161enja<\/p>\n<p>No\u0161enje za\u0161tite pri izlaganju hemijskim isparenjima ili pra\u0161ini.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-71235","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Emfizem - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emfizem - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emfizem je dugotrajna plu\u0107na bolest. Ona ugro\u017eava sitne plu\u0107ne mehurove (alveole) i uni\u0161tava tkivo plu\u0107a \u0161to za posledicu ima ote\u017eano disanje. Postoji nekoliko uzroka emfizema, ali je pu\u0161enje daleko naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzrok. Kod emfizema, unutra\u0161nji zidovi disajnih puteva su oslabljeni, dolazi do njihovog pucanja i stvaranje ve\u0107eg vadzu\u0161nog prostora. 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