{"id":77665,"date":"2017-02-13T10:55:25","date_gmt":"2017-02-13T10:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/cure\/azotemija\/"},"modified":"2017-02-13T10:55:25","modified_gmt":"2017-02-13T10:55:25","slug":"azotemija","status":"publish","type":"cure","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sr\/treatments\/azotemija\/","title":{"rendered":"Azotemija"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Azotemija<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sta-je-azotemija\">\u0160ta je azotemija?<\/h2>\n<p>Pod azotemijom podrazumeva se pove\u0107ana koncentracija uree ili drugih nitro supstanci u krvi. Urea predstavlja krajnji produkat metabolizma proteina koji se odvija u jetri. Bubrezi filtriraju krv i istovremeno uklanjaju raspadne produkte iz urina. U slu\u010daju promene veli\u010dine ili smanjenja pritiska protoka krvi u bubrezima, posledi\u010dno se mo\u017ee smanjiti i stepen filtracije u bubrezima. U tom slu\u010daju raspadni produkti nagomilavaju se u cirkulaciji uz minimalnu proizvodnju mokra\u0107e, bez obzira na o\u010duvanost bubre\u017ene funkcije. Kada se raspadni produkti nitro jedinjenja, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e kreatinina i uree, nagomilaju u ve\u0107oj koli\u010dini u organizmu, takvo stanje podrazumeva azotemiju. U prisustvu ve\u0107e koli\u010dine u organizmu, ovi produkti deluju toksi\u010dno te dovode do o\u0161te\u0107enja tkiva i smanjenja pravilnog funkcionisanja organizma.<\/p>\n<p>Azotemija je naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i oblik gubitka bubre\u017ene funkcije kod ve\u0107ine hospitalizovanih pacijenata. Svaki faktor koji dovodi do smanjenja koli\u010dine krvnog protoka u bubrezima izaziva azotemiju \u0161to uklju\u010duje slede\u0107e: gubitak cirkulatornog volumena, izlo\u017eenost visokoj temperaturi, stanja koja dovode do pove\u0107anog izlaska te\u010dnosti iz cirkulacije, smanjen unos te\u010dnosti (dehidratacija), dijareja, dugotrajnog povra\u0107anja kao i krvarenje.Sr\u010dana insuficijencija i prisustvo \u0161oka (naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e septi\u010dki \u0161ok) onemogu\u0107avaju fiziolo\u0161ki rad sr\u010dane pumpe te izazivaju cirkulatornu insuficijenciju, ili smanjen sr\u010dani rad \u0161to pove\u0107ava rizik za nastanak azotemije. Azotemija tako\u0111e mo\u017ee biti izazvana stanjima koje naru\u0161avaju protok krvi u bubrezima kao \u0161to je mehani\u010dka povreda samog bubrega, odre\u0111ene hirur\u0161ke intervencije koje menjaju stepen bubre\u017enog protoka, kao i blokada nutritivnih arterija bubrega ( okluzija renalne arterije na primer).<\/p>\n<p>Postoji skup karakteristi\u010dnih znakova i simptoma koji karakteri\u0161u azotemiju, a to su: sni\u017eeno ili odsutno stvaranje mokra\u0107e, malaksalost, sni\u017eena reaktivnost, konfuzija, \u017ee\u0111, suva usta (kserostomija), ubrzan puls (tahikardija),oticanje (edem ili anasarka), abdominalne tegobe, svetlija prebojenost ko\u017ee (bledilo).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zasto-je-znacajno-meriti-nivo-uree-u-krvi\">Za\u0161to je zna\u010dajno meriti nivo uree u krvi?<\/h2>\n<p>Merenje nivoa uree u krvi kao krajnjeg produkta razlaganja proteina (BUN) od zna\u010daja je u cilju procene bubre\u017ene funkcije. Urea nastaje razgradnjom proteina u organizmu. Normalna odrasla osoba sadr\u017ei u proseku 6 do 20 mg uree na svakih 100 ml (6 do 20 mg\/dL) krvi. Raspon fiziolo\u0161kih vrednosti mo\u017ee se razlikovati u zavisnosti od laboratorije u kojoj se vr\u0161i uzorkovanje. Povi\u0161ene vrednosti mogu nastati usled sr\u010danog popu\u0161tanja, sr\u010danog infarkta, oboljenja bubrega (glomerulonefritis, pijelonefritis kao i akutnu tubularnu nekrozu), insuficijenciju bubrega, \u0161ok, opstrukciju urinarnog trakt u organizmu. Sni\u017eene vrednosti mogu ukazivati na popu\u0161tanje jetrine funkcije, ishranu siroma\u0161nu proteinima, malnutriciju i hiperhidrataciju. Kod pacijenata sa naru\u0161enom funkcijom jetre, nivo uree u krvi mo\u017ee biti i ni\u017ei \u010dak iako je funkcija bubrega o\u010duvana.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nacin-uzorkovanja\">Na\u010din uzorkovanja<\/h2>\n<p>Uzimanje uzorka krvi radi analize naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e se vr\u0161i u jutranjim \u010dasovima u bolni\u010dkim uslovima. Nisu neophodne prethodne posebne pripreme organizma radi samog testiranja. Lekar \u0107e proceniti i preporu\u010diti ako je neophodno gladovanje prethodnog dana. Neophodno je upoznati lekara u slu\u010daju da pijete lekove,a\u00a0 tako\u0111e i odre\u0111eni medicinski postupci mogu predstavljati kontraindikaciju za analizu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"da-li-je-ispitivanje-bolno-ili-opasno\">Da li je ispitivanje bolno ili opasno?<\/h2>\n<p>Sam postupak\u00a0 ispitivanja je bezbolan i bezopasan. Tokom same procedure, pacijent mo\u017ee imati ose\u0107aj peckanja od uboda iglom u regiji ruke odakle se vr\u0161i va\u0111enje krvi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kako-se-procedura-uzorkovanja-vrsi\">Kako se procedura uzorkovanja vr\u0161i?<\/h2>\n<p>Sam postupak podrazumeva uzimanje uzorka krvi na analizu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-77665","cure","type-cure","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Azotemija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Azotemija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Azotemija &nbsp; \u0160ta je azotemija? 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