{"id":73064,"date":"2020-10-28T13:33:08","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T13:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/astma-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:21:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:21:14","slug":"astma","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/astma\/","title":{"rendered":"Astma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Astma je ob\u010dasno zo\u017eenje dihalnih kanalov, ki povzro\u010da pomanjkanje zraka in piskanje plju\u010d. Napadi astme in njihova intenzivnost se spreminjajo. Pri nekaterih so napadi redki in blagi, drugi pa jih do\u017eivljajo vsak dan. Zato ni mogo\u010de predvideti niti napada niti njegove intenzivnosti in trajanja. \u010ce jih ne zdravimo, so lahko hudi napadi smrtno nevarni.<\/p>\n<p>Med napadom so bronhialne stene b, kar vodi do njihovega zo\u017eenja. Prisotna sta vnetje in otekanje dihalnih poti, nastaja ve\u010d sluzi, ki lahko blokira majhne dihalne poti.<\/p>\n<p>Astma se lahko razvije v kateri koli starosti, vendar je pogostej\u0161a pri otrocih in mladih \u017eenskah.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi astme se lahko razvijejo postopoma. Ko se pojavi napad astme, so simptomi naslednji:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>piskanje v plju\u010dih<\/li>\n<li>nebole\u010de kr\u010denje prsnega ko\u0161a<\/li>\n<li>pomanjkanje zraka<\/li>\n<li>ote\u017eeno dihanje<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0vztrajen ka\u0161elj<\/li>\n<li>potenje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Simptomi se lahko poslab\u0161ajo pono\u010di ali zgodaj zjutraj.<\/p>\n<p>Glavna razlika med astmo in drugimi boleznimi dihalnih poti je spremenljivost simptomov. \u010ce se astma poslab\u0161a, so simptomi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>skoraj tiho \u017evi\u017eganje plju\u010d, ker v dihalnih poteh prehaja zelo malo zraka<\/li>\n<li>nezmo\u017enost dokon\u010danja stavka zaradi pomanjkanja zraka<\/li>\n<li>modre ustnice, jezik, prsti in prsti zaradi pomanjkanja kisika<\/li>\n<li>utrujenost<\/li>\n<li>koma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Vzrok astme ni povsem jasen, \u010deprav se zdi, da gre za kombinacijo genetskih in okoljskih dejavnikov. Pri nekaterih osebah alergijske reakcije povzro\u010dijo napade astme. Ta alergi\u010dna vrsta astme je zna\u010dilna za otroke, ki jo spremlja ekcem ali seneni nahod. To je obi\u010dajno genetsko.<\/p>\n<p>Drugi spro\u017eilci so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pr\u0161ice<\/li>\n<li>seno<\/li>\n<li>\u017eivalski prhljaj<\/li>\n<li>mleko, jajca, p\u0161enica, ore\u0161ki<\/li>\n<li>protivnetna zdravila<\/li>\n<li>hladen zrak<\/li>\n<li>telovadba<\/li>\n<li>kajenje<\/li>\n<li>stres ali tesnoba<\/li>\n<li>zra\u010dno onesna\u017eenje<\/li>\n<li>oku\u017ebe dihal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>snovi, ki jih vdihnemo na delovnem mestu, kar povzro\u010da tako imenovano profesionalno astmo<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za astmo vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>genetski dejavniki<\/li>\n<li>obstoje\u010de alergijsko stanje, kot je seneni nahod<\/li>\n<li>kajenje<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost onesna\u017eenosti, kemikalijam in alergenom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti zaradi astme se nana\u0161ajo predvsem na motenje obi\u010dajnih dnevnih aktivnosti. Napadi astme lahko motijo spanje; morda bo potrebnih ve\u010d obiskov bolni\u0161nic; dolgotrajna zdravila lahko imajo stranske u\u010dinke.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Prepre\u010devanje astme je usmerjeno v prepre\u010devanje morebitnih napadov astme v prihodnosti, saj ni na\u010dina, kako prepre\u010diti astmo.<\/p>\n<p>Ti ukrepi vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>imunizacija za plju\u010dnico ali gripo<\/li>\n<li>redna uporaba predpisanih zdravil<\/li>\n<li>izogibajte se spro\u017eilcem astme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-73064","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Astma - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astma - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Astma je ob\u010dasno zo\u017eenje dihalnih kanalov, ki povzro\u010da pomanjkanje zraka in piskanje plju\u010d. Napadi astme in njihova intenzivnost se spreminjajo. Pri nekaterih so napadi redki in blagi, drugi pa jih do\u017eivljajo vsak dan. Zato ni mogo\u010de predvideti niti napada niti njegove intenzivnosti in trajanja. \u010ce jih ne zdravimo, so lahko hudi napadi smrtno nevarni. 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Napadi astme in njihova intenzivnost se spreminjajo. Pri nekaterih so napadi redki in blagi, drugi pa jih do\u017eivljajo vsak dan. Zato ni mogo\u010de predvideti niti napada niti njegove intenzivnosti in trajanja. \u010ce jih ne zdravimo, so lahko hudi napadi smrtno nevarni. 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