{"id":73054,"date":"2020-10-28T13:51:43","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T13:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:21:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:21:05","slug":"makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/","title":{"rendered":"Makroglobulinemija \u00bbWaldenstrom\u00ab"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Waldenstromova makroglobulinemija (limfoplazmacitni limfom) je vrsta ne-Hodkinovega limfoma (NHL). Rakaste celice tvorijo velike koli\u010dine nenormalnih beljakovin (makroglobulina).<\/p>\n<p>Waldenstrom makroglobulinemija (WM) je rak, ki se za\u010dne v B celicah. Rakaste celice pri ljudeh z WM so podobne kot pri dveh drugih vrstah raka: multipli mielom in ne-Hodkinov limfom. Ve\u010dplastni mielom velja za raka plazemskih celic, non-Hodgkinov limfom pa za \u00a0karcinom limfocitov. WM celice imajo lastnosti plazemskih celic in limfocitov.<\/p>\n<p>Vsako protitelo (protein), ki ga tvorijo celice WM, je enako in kopi\u010denje M proteina v telesu lahko privede do \u0161tevilnih simptomov WM.<\/p>\n<p>Celice WM rastejo predvsem v kostnem mozgu, kjer lahko izrinejo normalne celice, ki tvorijo razli\u010dne vrste krvnih celic. To lahko privede do nizkih ravni rde\u010dih krvnih celic (anemije), zaradi \u010desar se lahko ljudje po\u010dutijo utrujene in \u0161ibke. Prav tako pa lahko povzro\u010di majhno \u0161tevilo belih krvnih celic, zaradi \u010desar se telo te\u017eko bori proti oku\u017ebi. \u0160tevilo trombocitov v krvi lahko tudi upade, kar vodi do pove\u010danih krvavitev in modric.<\/p>\n<p>Limfomske celice lahko rastejo v organih, kot so jetra in vranica, zaradi \u010desar ti organi nabreknejo in vodijo do bole\u010din v trebuhu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Slabost<\/li>\n<li>Izguba apetita.<\/li>\n<li>Vro\u010dina, znoj, izguba te\u017ee.<\/li>\n<li>Nevropatija.<\/li>\n<li>Vklju\u010dene so tudi druge te\u017eave<\/li>\n<li>Pove\u010dane bezgavke.<\/li>\n<li>Otekle trebuhe.<\/li>\n<li>Simptomi \u017eiv\u010dnega sistema.<\/li>\n<li>Nenormalne krvavitve.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z vidom.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z ledvicami.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave s srcem.<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017ebe.<\/li>\n<li>Prebavne motnje.<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u010dutljivost na mraz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>DNK znotraj na\u0161ih celic sestavljajo na\u0161i geni z navodili za delovanje na\u0161ih celic. Navadno smo videti kot na\u0161i star\u0161i, ker so vir na\u0161e DNK. Toda DNK na nas vpliva bolj kot le na na\u0161 videz.<\/p>\n<p>Nekateri geni nadzorujejo, ko celice rastejo, se delijo, da nastanejo nove celice, in odmrejo ob pravem \u010dasu. Dolo\u010deni geni, ki pomagajo celicam, da rastejo, se delijo ali \u017eivijo dlje, se imenujejo onkogeni. Drugi, ki upo\u010dasnijo delitev celic ali naredijo, da celice odmrejo ob pravem \u010dasu, se imenujejo geni, ki zavirajo tumorje. Rak lahko povzro\u010dijo spremembe DNK, ki vklopijo onkogene ali izklopijo supresorske gene.<\/p>\n<p>Spremembe DNK, ki jih najdemo v celicah WM, obi\u010dajno pridobimo po rojstvu (ne prenesejo se od star\u0161ev). Nekateri od njih imajo lahko zunanje vzroke, vendar se pogosto pojavijo brez o\u010ditnega razloga. Zdi se, da se s starostjo pojavljajo pogosteje, kar bi lahko pomagalo razlo\u017eiti, zakaj se WM obi\u010dajno pojavlja pri starej\u0161ih ljudeh.<\/p>\n<p>Znanstveniki zdaj spoznavajo natan\u010dne spremembe genov, ki povzro\u010dajo WM. A \u010deprav so na\u0161li nekatere od teh sprememb genov, \u0161e vedno ne vedo, zakaj se te spremembe pojavijo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Nekaj \u200b\u200bdejavnikov tveganja, zaradi katerih \u010dlovek bolj verjetno razvije Waldenstrom-ovo makroglobulinemijo, je naslednje: starost, rasa, spol, dednost, hepatitis C in nekatere avtoimunske bolezni<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Dva glavna pozna zapleta Waldenstr\u00f6move makroglobulinemije sta Richterjeva transformacija in mielodisplazija, povezana s terapijo. Tako kot pri vseh nizko razvitih limfomih, zdravljenih ali nezdravljenih, se lahko razvije velikoceli\u010dni limfom ali imunoblasti\u010dni sarkom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Ve\u010dine dejavnikov tveganja za makroglobulinemijo Waldenstrom (WM), na primer ve\u010djo starost ali monoklonsko gamopatijo nedolo\u010denega pomena (MGUS), ni mogo\u010de spremeniti ali nadzorovati, zato ne moremo prepre\u010diti raka, ki bi lahko bili povezani s temi dejavniki tveganja.<\/p>\n<p>Nekatere raziskave ka\u017eejo, da je pri ljudeh s hepatitisom C verjetno ve\u010d tveganja za WM. Trenutno ni cepiva za prepre\u010devanje hepatitisa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-73054","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Makroglobulinemija \u00bbWaldenstrom\u00ab - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Makroglobulinemija \u00bbWaldenstrom\u00ab - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Waldenstromova makroglobulinemija (limfoplazmacitni limfom) je vrsta ne-Hodkinovega limfoma (NHL). Rakaste celice tvorijo velike koli\u010dine nenormalnih beljakovin (makroglobulina). Waldenstrom makroglobulinemija (WM) je rak, ki se za\u010dne v B celicah. Rakaste celice pri ljudeh z WM so podobne kot pri dveh drugih vrstah raka: multipli mielom in ne-Hodkinov limfom. 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Rakaste celice tvorijo velike koli\u010dine nenormalnih beljakovin (makroglobulina). Waldenstrom makroglobulinemija (WM) je rak, ki se za\u010dne v B celicah. Rakaste celice pri ljudeh z WM so podobne kot pri dveh drugih vrstah raka: multipli mielom in ne-Hodkinov limfom. Ve\u010dplastni mielom velja za raka plazemskih celic, non-Hodgkinov [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","article_modified_time":"2025-01-13T03:21:05+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/","name":"Makroglobulinemija \u00bbWaldenstrom\u00ab - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-10-28T13:51:43+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-13T03:21:05+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sl-SI","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/makroglobulinemija-waldenstrom\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Malattie","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/malattie\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Makroglobulinemija \u00bbWaldenstrom\u00ab"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"Humanitas Hospital","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sl-SI"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sl-SI","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano"]}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease\/73054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/disease"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}