{"id":72950,"date":"2020-10-29T11:09:56","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T11:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/kuga-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:19:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:19:38","slug":"kuga","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/kuga\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuga"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"opredelitev\">Opredelitev<\/h2>\n<p>Kuga je smrtonosna nalezljiva bolezen, ki jo povzro\u010da bakterija Yersinia pestis. Bakterije najdemo predvsem pri podganah in bolhah, ki se prehranjujejo z njimi. Posamezniki in druge \u017eivali se lahko oku\u017eijo z kugo zaradi ugrizov podgan ali bolh ali ljudi, ki skrbijo za oku\u017eene \u017eivali. Najpogostej\u0161a oblika kuge, znana kot buboes, povzro\u010di otekle in ne\u017ene bezgavke v dimljah, pazduhah ali vratu. Najredkej\u0161a in najsmrtonosnej\u0161a oblika kuge prizadene plju\u010da in lahko se \u0161iri od posameznika do drugega. Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja vklju\u010dujejo mo\u010dne antibiotike, da se prepre\u010dijo resni zapleti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Obstajajo tri oblike kuge:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0Bubonska kuga povzro\u010di vnetje tonzil, adenoidov, vranice in timusa. Simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo ne\u017ene limfne \u017eleze, mrzlico, bole\u010dine, utrujenost in vro\u010dino.<\/li>\n<li>Septi\u010dna kuga se pojavi, ko se ku\u017ene bakterije razmno\u017eijo v krvi. Simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo vro\u010dino, mrzlico, bole\u010dine v \u017eelodcu, drisko, bruhanje, \u0161ok in krvavitve pod ko\u017eo ali drugimi organi<\/li>\n<li>Plju\u010dna kuga prizadene plju\u010da in je najresnej\u0161a oblika kuge. Znaki in simptomi se lahko za\u010dnejo v nekaj urah po oku\u017ebi in lahko vklju\u010dujejo ka\u0161elj s krvavim sputumom, te\u017eave z dihanjem, visoko temperaturo, slabost, bruhanje in \u0161ibkost. Za zdravljenje prepre\u010duje smrtne posledice uporaba antibiotikov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Kugo povzro\u010da bakterija Yersinia pestis, ki se prena\u0161a na \u010dloveka, ko jih ugrizejo bolhe, ki so se prej hranile z oku\u017eenimi \u017eivalmi, kot so podgane, veverice, zajci, prerijski psi in \u010di\u010derke. Bakterije lahko vstopijo tudi v telo, \u010de posameznik pride v stik s krvjo oku\u017eene \u017eivali. Doma\u010di hi\u0161ni ljubljen\u010dki se lahko oku\u017eijo s kugo zaradi ugrizov bolh ali prehranjevanjem oku\u017eenih glodalcev. Najresnej\u0161a oblika kuge, imenovana plju\u010dna kuga, prizadene plju\u010da in se lahko \u0161iri od posameznika do posameznika z nalezljivimi kapljicami, ki jih v zrak potegne bolna \u017eival ali \u010dlovek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Tveganje za nastanek kuge je zelo majhno; vendar obstajajo dejavniki, ki lahko pove\u010dajo to tveganje. So lokacija, poklic in hobiji.<\/p>\n<p>Lokacija: Izbruhi kuge so najpogostej\u0161i na pode\u017eelju in v mestnih obmo\u010djih, za katere je zna\u010dilna prenatrpanost, slaba higiena in velika populacija podgan (Afrika).<\/p>\n<p>Poklic: Veterinarji in njihovi pomo\u010dniki imajo ve\u010dje tveganje za stik z \u017eivalmi, oku\u017eenimi s kugo.<\/p>\n<p>Hobiji: kampiranje, lov ali pohodni\u0161tvo na obmo\u010djih, kjer \u017eivijo \u017eivali, oku\u017eene s kugo, lahko pove\u010da tveganje, da jih bo oku\u017eila bolha.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti kuge lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Smrt: nezdravljena kuga ima veliko smrtnost.<\/li>\n<li>Gangrena: Krvni strdki v majhnih krvnih \u017eilah prstov in prstov, ki lahko motijo \u200b\u200bpretok krvi in \u200b\u200bpovzro\u010dijo odmiranje tkiva.<\/li>\n<li>Meningitis: vnetje membran, ki obdajajo mo\u017egane in hrbtenja\u010do<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja kuge obi\u010dajno vklju\u010dujejo izolacijo v bolni\u0161ki sobi in prejemanje mo\u010dnih antibiotikov, kot so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gentamicin<\/li>\n<li>Doksiciklin (vibramicin)<\/li>\n<li>Ciprofloksacin (Cipro)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Levofloksacin (Levaquin)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventiva\">Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>Nekaj \u200b\u200bpriporo\u010dil za prepre\u010devanje izpostavljenosti kugi vklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jemanje antibiotikov za prepre\u010devanje oku\u017ebe v tveganem obdobju ali izpostavljenosti ku\u017enim izbruhom<\/li>\n<li>Ohranjanje hi\u0161nih ljubljen\u010dkov brez bolh<\/li>\n<li>Uporaba sredstev proti \u017eu\u017eelkam pri kampiranju, pohodni\u0161tvu ali v okolici obmo\u010dij z veliko populacijo glodavcev<\/li>\n<li>Skrb za doma\u010de okolje proti morebitnimi nalezljivimi snovmi (proti glodalcem)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72950","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kuga - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kuga - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opredelitev Kuga je smrtonosna nalezljiva bolezen, ki jo povzro\u010da bakterija Yersinia pestis. 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