{"id":72941,"date":"2020-11-03T10:33:37","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T10:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/periferna-nevropatija\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:19:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:19:31","slug":"periferna-nevropatija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/periferna-nevropatija\/","title":{"rendered":"Periferna nevropatija"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"opredelitev\">Opredelitev<\/h2>\n<p>Periferna nevropatija je skupina stanj, pri katerih nastanejo po\u0161kodbe perifernih \u017eivcev, kar spro\u017ei \u0161ibkost, odrevenelost in bole\u010dine v rokah in nogah. Vpliva lahko tudi na druga podro\u010dja telesa.<\/p>\n<p>Periferni \u017eiv\u010dni sistem je mre\u017ea \u017eivcev, ki po\u0161iljajo informacije iz mo\u017eganov in hrbtenja\u010de (centralni \u017eiv\u010dni sistem) v preostali del telesa. Medtem ko je sladkorna bolezen najpogostej\u0161i vzrok periferne nevropatije, drugi dejavniki, ki lahko povzro\u010dijo stanje, vklju\u010dujejo travmati\u010dne po\u0161kodbe, oku\u017ebe, presnovne te\u017eave, dedne vzroke in izpostavljenost toksinom. Posamezniki s periferno nevropatijo obi\u010dajno do\u017eivljajo simptome, kot so vbodna ali peko\u010da bole\u010dina, pa tudi mravljin\u010denje.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja obi\u010dajno vklju\u010dujejo zdravljenje osnovnega stanja in jemanje zdravil za zmanj\u0161anje bole\u010dine in olaj\u0161anje nelagodja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Ker periferni \u017eiv\u010dni sistem vklju\u010duje razli\u010dne vrste \u017eivcev s svojo specifi\u010dno funkcijo, so simptomi odvisni od vrste prizadetih \u017eivcev. \u017divce razvr\u0161\u010damo v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Senzori\u010dni \u017eivci, ki so odgovorni za sprejemanje ob\u010dutkov s ko\u017ee, kot so temperatura, bole\u010dina, vibracije ali dotik<\/li>\n<li>Motorni \u017eivci &#8211; odgovorni za nadzor delovanja in gibanja mi\u0161ic<\/li>\n<li>Avtonomni \u017eivci &#8211; odgovorni za nadzor funkcij, kot so krvni tlak, sr\u010dni utrip, prebava in mehur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi periferne nevropatije lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Otrplost in mravljin\u010denje v stopalih in rokah<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina ali peko\u010da bole\u010dina<\/li>\n<li>Izjemna ob\u010dutljivost na dotik<\/li>\n<li>Izguba ravnote\u017eja in koordinacije<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0161i\u010dna oslabelost ali ohromelost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010ce so prizadeti avtonomni \u017eivci, znaki in simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nezmo\u017enost prena\u0161anja vro\u010dine in spremenjenega znojenja<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z \u010drevesjem, mehurjem ali prebavo<\/li>\n<li>Omotica zaradi sprememb ravni krvnega tlaka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vzroki<\/p>\n<p>Obstajajo \u0161tevilni dejavniki, ki lahko povzro\u010dijo nevropatije. Dejavniki vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost kemi\u010dnim toksinom<\/li>\n<li>Alkoholizem<\/li>\n<li>Avtoimunske bolezni<\/li>\n<li>Nekatera zdravila<\/li>\n<li>Virusne ali bakterijske oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Pomanjkanje vitamina<\/li>\n<li>Travma ali pritisk na \u017eivec zaradi padcev ali \u0161portnih po\u0161kodb<\/li>\n<li>Tumorji<\/li>\n<li>Dedne motnje<\/li>\n<li>Bolezni kostnega mozga<\/li>\n<li>Druge bolezni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki, povezani s tveganjem za razvoj periferne nevropatije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sladkorna bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Velika poraba alkohola<\/li>\n<li>Dru\u017einska anamneza periferne nevropatije<\/li>\n<li>Ponavljajo\u010da gibanja<\/li>\n<li>Pomanjkanje vitamina<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost kemi\u010dnim toksinom<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017ebe (lajmska bolezen, skodle (norice), virus Epstein-Barr, hepatitis C in HIV)<\/li>\n<li>Avtoimunske bolezni (revmatoidni artritis in lupus)<\/li>\n<li>Bolezni ledvic, jeter ali \u0161\u010ditnice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti periferne nevropatije lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Opekline in po\u0161kodbe ko\u017ee: nezmo\u017enost ob\u010dutka temperaturnih sprememb ali bole\u010dine zaradi odrevenelosti na dolo\u010denih predelih telesa<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017eba<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja periferne nevropatije obi\u010dajno vklju\u010dujejo upravljanje stanja in laj\u0161anje simptomov. Take mo\u017enosti zdravljenja vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sredstva proti bole\u010dinam: uporaba nesteroidnih protivnetnih zdravil za laj\u0161anje blagih simptomov.<\/li>\n<li>Zdravila proti napadu: Uporaba nekaterih zdravil, kot so gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) in pregabalin (Lyrica), za zdravljenje epilepsije in laj\u0161anje \u017eiv\u010dnih bole\u010din.<\/li>\n<li>Kapsaicin: Krema, ki vsebuje snov Kapsaicin, ki ga naravno najdemo v peko\u010di papriki, lahko povzro\u010di skromne izbolj\u0161ave simptomov periferne nevropatije, kot sta peko\u010da ko\u017ea in dra\u017eenje.<\/li>\n<li>Antidepresivi: Uporaba nekaterih tricikli\u010dnih antidepresivov, kot so amitriptilin, doksepin in nortiptilin (Pamelor) za laj\u0161anje bole\u010din z vme\u0161avanjem v kemi\u010dne procese v mo\u017eganih in hrbtenja\u010di, ki so glavni vzrok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Obstaja ve\u010d razli\u010dnih vrst terapij in postopkov, s katerimi lahko olaj\u0161amo znake in simptome periferne nevropatije. Tej vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transkutana stimulacija elektri\u010dnega \u017eivca (TENS): Postopek, ki uporablja lepilne elektrode, ki so name\u0161\u010dene na ko\u017ei, da oddajo ne\u017een elektri\u010dni tok z razli\u010dnimi frekvencami.<\/li>\n<li>Izmenjava plazme: postopek, ki vklju\u010duje odvzem krvi iz telesa, da se iz njega odstranijo protitelesa in druge beljakovine ter nadomesti z beljakovinsko teko\u010dino, imenovano \u010dlove\u0161ki albumin, in jo nato vrne telesu.<\/li>\n<li>Intravenski imunski globulin: vrsta terapije, ki vklju\u010duje prejem visoke beljakovine, ki deluje kot protitelesa (imunoglobulini)<\/li>\n<li>Fizikalna terapija: Program, ki uporablja posebne vaje za izbolj\u0161anje mi\u0161i\u010dne oslabelosti in delovanja<\/li>\n<li>Operacija<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"\"><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Najbolj\u0161i na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje periferne nevropatije je obvladovanje osnovnega zdravstvenega stanja, kot so diabetes, alkoholizem ali revmatoidni artritis. Odli\u010dna izbira za zdrav \u017eivljenjski slog je tudi odli\u010den na\u010din za prepre\u010devanje pojava stanja. Tej vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U\u017eivanje zdrave, bogate prehrane<\/li>\n<li>Pridobivanje \u0161tevilnih hranil (dodatki vitamina B -12)<\/li>\n<li>Vadite redno<\/li>\n<li>Izogibanje izpostavljenosti strupenim kemikalijam<\/li>\n<li>Prenehati s kajenjem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72941","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Periferna nevropatija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Periferna nevropatija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opredelitev Periferna nevropatija je skupina stanj, pri katerih nastanejo po\u0161kodbe perifernih \u017eivcev, kar spro\u017ei \u0161ibkost, odrevenelost in bole\u010dine v rokah in nogah. 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