{"id":72937,"date":"2020-11-03T10:37:59","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T10:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/perimenopavza\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:19:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:19:27","slug":"perimenopavza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/perimenopavza\/","title":{"rendered":"Perimenopavza"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"opredelitev\">Opredelitev<\/h2>\n<p>Perimenopavza, kar pomeni &#8220;okoli menopavze&#8221;, pomeni prehod v menopavzi, pri katerem \u017eensko telo premika v smeri trajne neplodnosti (menopavze). To je obdobje, ko jaj\u010dniki postopoma za\u010dnejo proizvajati manj estrogena (glavni \u017eenski hormon). \u017denske za\u010dnejo perimenopavzo v razli\u010dnih starostih, vendar lahko znaki in simptomi, kot je menstrualna nepravilnost, postanejo opazni v 40-tih letih. Nekatere \u017eenske lahko opazijo spremembe \u017ee sredi 30-ih let.<\/p>\n<p>Perimenopavza traja do menopavze (12 mesecev brez menstruacije), ko jaj\u010dniki nehajo spro\u0161\u010dati jaj\u010deca. Z leti se padec ravni estrogena pospe\u0161i in \u017eenske za\u010dnejo do\u017eivljati simptome, podobne menopavzi, kot so vro\u010dinski utripi, utrujenost, nizek spolni nagon in vaginalna suhost.<\/p>\n<p>Na voljo so mo\u017enosti zdravljenja, ki olaj\u0161ajo nelagodje, povezano s simptomi perimenopavze.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>V obdobju perimenopavze znaki in simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nepravilnost menstruacije: Ko je ovulacija bolj nepredvidljiva, je lahko \u010das med obdobji dalj\u0161i ali kraj\u0161i, pretok se lahko v\u010dasih giblje med lahkimi in te\u017ekimi, v\u010dasih pa lahko pride do preskakovanja.<\/li>\n<li>Vro\u010dinski valovi in motnje spanja: Mnoge \u017eenske ob\u010dutijo vro\u010dinske valove med perimenopavzo in motnje spanja so pogosto posledica teh vro\u010dinskih valov.<\/li>\n<li>Nihanje razpolo\u017eenja: Nekatere \u017eenske med perimenopavzo ob\u010dutijo nihanje razpolo\u017eenja, razdra\u017eljivost ali pove\u010dano tveganje za depresijo.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z no\u017enico in mehurjem: Ko se raven estrogena za\u010dne zni\u017eevati, lahko vaginalna tkiva izgubijo mazanje in elasti\u010dnost, zaradi \u010desar je seks bole\u010d. Izguba tonusa tkiva lahko prispeva k urinarni inkontinenci ali celo vaginalnim oku\u017ebam zaradi stalnega dra\u017eenja obmo\u010dja.<\/li>\n<li>Zmanj\u0161anje plodnosti: Ko ovulacija postane neredna, se \u017eenska sposobnost zanositve zmanj\u0161a. Izogibanje morebitni nose\u010dnosti v tem \u010dasu je mogo\u010de storiti z uporabo kontracepcije.<\/li>\n<li>Ni\u017eji spolni nagon: med perimenopavzo se lahko spolno vzburjenje in \u017eelja pri ve\u010dini \u017eensk zmanj\u0161ata in se bosta verjetno nadaljevala skozi perimenopavzo in naprej.<\/li>\n<li>Izguba trdnosti kosti. Z zni\u017eevanjem ravni estrogena se najverjetneje pojavi izguba trdnosti kosti. Nezmo\u017enost nadome\u0161\u010danja trdnosti kosti tako hitro kot izguba trdnosti kosti pove\u010da tveganje za osteoporozo (stanje, ko kosti postanejo krhke in \u0161ibke).<\/li>\n<li>Spremembe ravni holesterola: Zni\u017eanje ravni estrogena lahko povzro\u010di zvi\u0161anje holesterola lipoproteina (LDL) z nizko gostoto (tako imenovani slab holesterol), kar lahko vodi do pove\u010danega tveganja za sr\u010dne bolezni. Hkrati se holesterol lipoproteinov z visoko gostoto (dober holesterol) pri mnogih \u017eenskah s starostjo zmanj\u0161uje, kar pove\u010duje tudi tveganje za sr\u010dne bolezni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Ko \u017eenska prehaja v menopavzo, telesna proizvodnja estrogena in progesterona nara\u0161\u010da in pada. Perimenopavzo povzro\u010dajo spremembe ravni estrogena in progesterona v \u017eenskem telesu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Menopavza je obi\u010dajna stopnja v \u017eivljenju \u017eenske; vendar se pri nekaterih \u017eenskah lahko pojavi prej kot pri drugih. Nekateri dejavniki, ki lahko prispevajo k tveganju za za\u010detek perimenopavze v zgodnej\u0161i starosti, vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kadilci<\/li>\n<li>Dru\u017einska anamneza zgodnje menopavze;<\/li>\n<li>Za\u010deti zdravljenje raka s kemoterapijo ali medeni\u010dnim sevanjem<\/li>\n<li>Po histerektomiji (operativna odstranitev maternice)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Neredna obdobja so najpogostej\u0161i dejavnik perimenopavze. Ve\u010dino \u010dasa je to normalno in ni\u010desar ne bi smeli skrbeti. Naslednji znaki lahko ka\u017eejo na osnovno te\u017eavo \u017eenskega reproduktivnega sistema, ki zahteva dodatno zdravni\u0161ko oskrbo in zdravljenje. Obisk zdravnika je klju\u010dnega pomena, \u010de:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010ce so krvavitve izjemno obilne<\/li>\n<li>\u010ce krvavitev traja dlje kot sedem dni<\/li>\n<li>\u010ce se krvavitve se pojavljajo med cikli<\/li>\n<li>\u010ce se cikel redno pojavlja na manj kot 21 dni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Glavna mo\u017enost zdravljenja perimenopavze je zdravljenje z zdravili. Razli\u010dne vrste zdravljenja, ki se uporabljajo, vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<p>Hormonska terapija: Uporaba sistemske terapije z estrogenom v obliki tablet, ko\u017enih obli\u017eev, gela ali kreme za laj\u0161anje vro\u010dinskih valov v menopavzi in menopavzi ter no\u010dnega znojenja. Sistemski estrogen lahko pomaga tudi pri prepre\u010devanju izgube kosti.<\/p>\n<p>Vaginalni estrogen: Uporaba estrogena v obliki vaginalne tablete, prstana ali kreme, ki jo absorbira vaginalno tkivo in olaj\u0161a vaginalno suhost, nelagodje med spolnim odnosom in nekatere urinske simptome.<\/p>\n<p>Antidepresivi: Uporaba skupine zdravil, imenovanih selektivni zaviralci ponovnega privzema serotonina (SSRI), ki pomagajo pri obvladovanju in zmanj\u0161anju vro\u010dinskih valov v menopavzi.<\/p>\n<p>Gabapentin (Neurontin): Zdravilo, ki se uporablja za zdravljenje napadov in pomaga zmanj\u0161ati vro\u010dinski val. Najbolj je uporaben pri \u017eenskah, ki ne morejo uporabljati estrogenske terapije zaradi zdravstvenih razlogov in pri tistih, ki imajo tudi migrene.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72937","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Perimenopavza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perimenopavza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opredelitev Perimenopavza, kar pomeni &#8220;okoli menopavze&#8221;, pomeni prehod v menopavzi, pri katerem \u017eensko telo premika v smeri trajne neplodnosti (menopavze). To je obdobje, ko jaj\u010dniki postopoma za\u010dnejo proizvajati manj estrogena (glavni \u017eenski hormon). \u017denske za\u010dnejo perimenopavzo v razli\u010dnih starostih, vendar lahko znaki in simptomi, kot je menstrualna nepravilnost, postanejo opazni v 40-tih letih. 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