{"id":72928,"date":"2020-11-03T10:39:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T10:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/parkinsonova-bolezen\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:19:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:19:20","slug":"parkinsonova-bolezen","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/parkinsonova-bolezen\/","title":{"rendered":"Parkinsonova bolezen"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"definicija\">Definicija<\/h2>\n<p>Parkinsonova bolezen je progresivno stanje \u017eiv\u010dnega sistema, ki vpliva na posameznikovo gibanje. Simptomi Parkinsonove bolezni se pogosto za\u010dnejo postopoma, s komaj opaznim tremorjem v roki. V zgodnjih fazah bolezni lahko posameznik ob\u010duti togost ali po\u010dasno gibanje v rokah, nogah in obrazu. Medtem ko motnja napreduje, se simptomi lahko poslab\u0161ajo, kar posamezniku povzro\u010da te\u017eave pri pogovoru, hoji ali opravljanju gospodinjskih opravil.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceprav za Parkinsonovo bolezen ne zdravijo, lahko zdravniki v resnih primerih predlagajo operacijo ali globoko mo\u017egansko stimulacijo, da bi pomagali izbolj\u0161ati simptome.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi Parkinsonove bolezni se lahko razlikujejo glede na posameznikovo zdravstveno stanje. Parkinsonovi znaki in simptomi lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tremor \/ tresenje roke ali prstov<\/li>\n<li>Po\u010dasno gibanje (Bradykinesia)<\/li>\n<li>Okornost v mi\u0161icah<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z ravote\u017ejem<\/li>\n<li>Spremembe pri pisanju<\/li>\n<li>Nerazlo\u010den govor<\/li>\n<li>Nezmo\u017enost premikanja ali prijema predmetov<\/li>\n<li>Nezmo\u017enost utripati, se nasmehniti ali zamahniti z rokami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Parkinsonova bolezen nastane zaradi izgube dolo\u010denih \u017eiv\u010dnih celic (nevronov) v mo\u017eganih. Posledica tega je zmanj\u0161anje koli\u010dine mo\u017eganske kemikalije, imenovane dopamin. Dopamin pomaga uravnavati gibanje mo\u017eganov in zmanj\u0161anje povzro\u010di simptome Parkinsonove bolezni na povr\u0161je.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceprav vzrok za Parkinsonovo bolezen ni znan, je videti, da ima ve\u010d dejavnikov pomembno vlogo, med drugim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genetika (dru\u017einska anamneza Parkinsonove bolezni)<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost nekaterim toksinom ali hlapom<\/li>\n<li>Prisotnost telesov Lewy (gru\u010de posebnih snovi v mo\u017eganskih celicah)<\/li>\n<li>A-sinukleinski protein iz Lewyjevih teles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za Parkinsonovo bolezen vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staranje (najpogostej\u0161e v starosti okoli 60 let ali ve\u010d)<\/li>\n<li>Genetika (dru\u017einska zgodovina Parkinsonove bolezni)<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u0161ki (pogostej\u0161i pri mo\u0161kih kot pri \u017eenskah)<\/li>\n<li>Izpostavljenost nekaterim toksinom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi Parkinsonove bolezni, lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Te\u017eave z razmi\u0161ljanjem \/ koncentracijo<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eavno po\u017eiranje<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eko uriniranje \/ nezmo\u017enost nadzora mehurja<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave z dolo\u010danjem nekaterih vonjav<\/li>\n<li>\u010custvene spremembe (depresija, strah, tesnoba, izguba motivacije)<\/li>\n<li>Motnje spanja<\/li>\n<li>Zaprtost<\/li>\n<li>Nizek krvni tlak<\/li>\n<li>Utrujenost<\/li>\n<li>Slab\u0161e seksualno \u017eivljenje<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina na dolo\u010denih predelih telesa ali po celem telesu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav Parkinsonove bolezni ni mogo\u010de pozdraviti, so na voljo na\u010dini zdravljenja, ki lahko pomagajo nadzorovati in zmanj\u0161ati simptome. Mo\u017enosti zdravljenja lahko vklju\u010dujejo dolo\u010dena zdravila, ki pomagajo obvladovati te\u017eave pri gibanju (hoja) in tresenju (tremor). Ta zdravila vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Karbidopa-levodopa: Naravna kemikalija, ki preide v mo\u017egane in se pretvori v dopamin<\/li>\n<li>Agonisti dopamina: Injekcije, ki posnemajo u\u010dinke dopamina v mo\u017eganih in lahko pomagajo pri hitrej\u0161em laj\u0161anju simptomov<\/li>\n<li>Zaviralci MAO-B: Zdravila, ki pomagajo prepre\u010diti razpad mo\u017eganskega dopamina z zaviranjem mo\u017eganskega encima monoamin oksidaza B (MAO-B).<\/li>\n<li>Zaviralci katehol O-metiltransferaze (COMT): Zdravila, ki pomagajo blokirati encim, ki razgradi dopamin in podalj\u0161a u\u010dinek zdravljenja z levodopo.<\/li>\n<li>Antiholinergiki: Zdravila za pomo\u010d pri nadzoru tresenja, povezanega s Parkinsonovo boleznijo<\/li>\n<li>Amantadin: Zdravilo za kratkotrajno laj\u0161anje simptomov v srednji, zgodnji fazi Parkinsonove bolezni<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Druge mo\u017enosti zdravljenja lahko vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Globoka stimulacija mo\u017eganov: Postopek, ki vklju\u010duje implantacijo elektrod v dolo\u010den del mo\u017eganov. Elektrode so povezane s prsnim ko\u0161em in po\u0161iljajo mo\u017egane elektri\u010dne signale, ki lahko pomagajo zmanj\u0161ati simptome Parkinsonove bolezni in izbolj\u0161ati gibanje. Ta postopek se pogosto priporo\u010da osebam z napredovalo Parkinsonovo boleznijo.<\/li>\n<li>Fizioterapija Rehabilitacijski program, ki uporablja posebne vaje, da pomaga povrniti mi\u0161i\u010dno funkcijo in koordinacijo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"operacija\">Operacija<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Ni na\u010dina, da bi v celoti prepre\u010dili Parkinsonovo bolezen; vendar pa nekatere raziskave ka\u017eejo, da lahko kofein pomaga zmanj\u0161ati tveganje za razvoj motnje. Zeleni \u010daj in redna aerobna vadba lahko prav tako pomagata zmanj\u0161ati tveganje za Parkinsonovo bolezen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72928","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Parkinsonova bolezen - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Parkinsonova bolezen - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Definicija Parkinsonova bolezen je progresivno stanje \u017eiv\u010dnega sistema, ki vpliva na posameznikovo gibanje. Simptomi Parkinsonove bolezni se pogosto za\u010dnejo postopoma, s komaj opaznim tremorjem v roki. 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