{"id":72924,"date":"2020-11-03T13:24:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/rak-jajcnikov\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:19:17","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:19:17","slug":"rak-jajcnikov","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/rak-jajcnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak jaj\u010dnikov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rak jaj\u010dnika je rak, ki se za\u010dne v jaj\u010dnikih. Jaj\u010dniki so dve ovalni \u017elezi, ki se nahajata na vsaki strani maternice, pod vhodom jajcevodov. Funkcije jaj\u010dnikov so proizvodnja jaj\u010dec in \u017eenskih spolnih hormonov, estrogena in progesterona.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rak jaj\u010dnika je bil leta 2012 uvr\u0161\u010den na \u0161esto mesto najpogostejih rakavih obolenj v Evropi. Tretjina \u017eensk lahko pri\u010dakuje 5-letno pre\u017eivetje. Vendar pa je to povezano s stadijem raka jaj\u010dnikov. V naprednih primerih so rezultati najslab\u0161i. Kot v ve\u010dini vrst primerov tudi razli\u010dni histolo\u0161ki podtipi ka\u017eejo razli\u010dne izide in razli\u010dno reagirajo na konvencionalne in ciljne terapije. Najpogostej\u0161i podtip je serozni rak, ki je na kemoterapijo najbolj ob\u010dutljiv.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Obstajajo tri vrste raka jaj\u010dnikov, odvisno od vrste celice, kjer se rak za\u010dne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Epitelni tumorji &#8211; zunanja plast jaj\u010dnikov; to je najpogosteje; ta vrsta ima pet podskupin, pri \u010demer prevladujejo serozne skupine<\/li>\n<li>Stromalni tumorji se za\u010dnejo v celicah, ki proizvajajo hormone<\/li>\n<li>Tumorji zarodnih celic se za\u010dnejo v celicah, ki proizvajajo jaj\u010dece<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptome raka jaj\u010dnikov opazimo, ko je rak napredoval. Zgodnja faza raka jaj\u010dnikov ne ka\u017ee nobenih simptomov.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi raka na jaj\u010dnikih so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zaprtje<\/li>\n<li>Nadra\u017eeno \u010drevesje<\/li>\n<li>Napihnjenost trebuha<\/li>\n<li>Po\u010dutite se polni tudi z majhnimi obroki<\/li>\n<li>Izguba te\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v medenici<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v hrbtu<\/li>\n<li>Potreba po pogostem uriniranju<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine med spolnim odnosom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Vzrok raka na jaj\u010dnikih ni povsem znan. Znano je, da se rak razvije zaradi genetske mutacije, ko celice ne umrejo, ko jih programirajo, temve\u010d se mno\u017eijo in tvorijo maso teh rakavih celic v tumorju.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek raka na jaj\u010dnikih so:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zgodnja menstruacija<\/li>\n<li>menopavza v starej\u0161i starosti<\/li>\n<li>dolgotrajna uporaba nadomestnega hormonskega zdravljenja (\u010deprav lahko peroralni kontraceptivi zmanj\u0161ajo tveganje)<\/li>\n<li>\u0161e nikoli nose\u010da<\/li>\n<li>zdravljenje plodnosti<\/li>\n<li>endometrioza ali ciste na jaj\u010dnikih<\/li>\n<li>debelost<\/li>\n<li>vi\u0161ina<\/li>\n<li>prehrana, bogata z nasi\u010denimi ma\u0161\u010dobami<\/li>\n<li>kajenje<\/li>\n<li>rak dojke v preteklosti<\/li>\n<li>dru\u017einska anamneza<\/li>\n<li>BRCA geni<\/li>\n<li>Intrauterina naprava<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pomembno je upo\u0161tevati, da test PAP ne diagnosticira raka jaj\u010dnikov. Testirati ga je treba z rednim slikanjem medenice in krvnimi preiskavami.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Prepre\u010devanje raka jaj\u010dnikov ni mogo\u010de. Ni testov, ki bi lahko pokazali zgodnjo stopnjo raka jaj\u010dnikov. Vendar se lahko zavedanje \u017eensk in njihovih zdravnikov, da je distenzija trebuha kot pogost zgodnji simptom, zdi, da lahko ve\u010d \u017eensk zgodaj diagnosticira, ko je mogo\u010de raka ozdraviti. \u017denske z velikim tveganjem, kot dru\u017einska anamneza, morajo redno obiskovati ginekologa. \u010ceprav ni mo\u010dnih dokazov, bi morale \u017eenske uporabljati najmanj\u0161i odmerek hormonske nadomestne terapije in v kratkem obdobju po menopavzi. Drugi preventivni ukrepi so predhodna nose\u010dnost, anamneza dojenja in vsakodnevna uporaba aspirina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72924","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak jaj\u010dnikov - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak jaj\u010dnikov - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rak jaj\u010dnika je rak, ki se za\u010dne v jaj\u010dnikih. Jaj\u010dniki so dve ovalni \u017elezi, ki se nahajata na vsaki strani maternice, pod vhodom jajcevodov. Funkcije jaj\u010dnikov so proizvodnja jaj\u010dec in \u017eenskih spolnih hormonov, estrogena in progesterona. &nbsp; Rak jaj\u010dnika je bil leta 2012 uvr\u0161\u010den na \u0161esto mesto najpogostejih rakavih obolenj v Evropi. 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Jaj\u010dniki so dve ovalni \u017elezi, ki se nahajata na vsaki strani maternice, pod vhodom jajcevodov. Funkcije jaj\u010dnikov so proizvodnja jaj\u010dec in \u017eenskih spolnih hormonov, estrogena in progesterona. &nbsp; Rak jaj\u010dnika je bil leta 2012 uvr\u0161\u010den na \u0161esto mesto najpogostejih rakavih obolenj v Evropi. 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