{"id":72901,"date":"2020-11-03T13:27:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/miokardna-ishemija\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:18:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:18:58","slug":"miokardna-ishemija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/miokardna-ishemija\/","title":{"rendered":"Miokardna ishemija"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Miokardna ishemija se razvije, ko se krvni pretok skozi sr\u010dno mi\u0161ico zmanj\u0161a z delno ali popolno zaporo sr\u010dnih arterij (koronarnih arterij). Zmanj\u0161anje pretoka krvi zmanj\u0161a oskrbo srca s kisikom.<\/p>\n<p>Miokardna ishemija lahko po\u0161koduje sr\u010dno mi\u0161ico in tako zmanj\u0161a njeno sposobnost \u010drpanja in povzro\u010di resne nenormalne sr\u010dne ritme. Nenadna, huda zama\u0161itev koronarne arterije lahko privede do sr\u010dnega infarkta.<\/p>\n<p>Zdravljenje miokardne ishemije se osredoto\u010da na izbolj\u0161anje krvnega pretoka v sr\u010dno mi\u0161ico, in sicer z zdravili ali postopki za odpiranje blokiranih arterij ali koronarnih arterij. Zdrav na\u010din \u017eivljenja je pomemben tudi pri zdravljenju in prepre\u010devanju miokardne ishemije.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi miokardne ishemije vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pritisk v prsih ali bole\u010dina, obi\u010dajno na levi strani telesa (angina pektoris)<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v vratu ali \u010deljusti<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v rami ali roki<\/li>\n<li>Hitro bitje srca<\/li>\n<li>Zasoplost<\/li>\n<li>Navzea in bruhanje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V nekaterih primerih je ishemija miokarda lahko asimptomatska, kar imenujemo tiha ishemija.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Miokardna ishemija se pojavi zaradi zmanj\u0161anja pretoka krvi po eni ali ve\u010d koronarnih arterijah, ki vodijo v srce. Zmanj\u0161anje pretoka krvi zmanj\u0161a koli\u010dino kisika, ki jo sr\u010dna mi\u0161ica (miokard) prejme. Miokardna ishemija se lahko pojavi postopoma, ko se arterije s\u010dasoma ali hitro blokirajo, ko se arterija nenadoma zama\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>Pogoji, ki lahko povzro\u010dijo ishemijo miokarda:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Koronarna bolezen (ateroskleroza)<\/li>\n<li>Krvni strdek<\/li>\n<li>Spazem koronarnih arterij<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spro\u017eilci bole\u010dine v prsih, povezani z ishemijo miokarda, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fizi\u010dne napore<\/li>\n<li>\u010custveni stres<\/li>\n<li>Hladne temperature<\/li>\n<li>Le\u017eanje<\/li>\n<li>U\u017eivanje kokaina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za miokardno ishemijo vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tobak: Kajenje lahko po\u0161koduje notranje stene arterij, kar omogo\u010da, da se nakopi\u010dijo obloge holesterola in drugih snovi. Kajenje tudi pove\u010da tveganje za nastanek krvnih strdkov v arterijah.<\/li>\n<li>Sladkorna bolezen: diabetes tipa 1 in 2 lahko pove\u010da tveganje za miokardno ishemijo, sr\u010dni infarkt ali druge te\u017eave s srcem.<\/li>\n<li>Visok krvni tlak: S\u010dasoma lahko visoki krvni tlak po\u0161koduje arterije s pospe\u0161evanjem ateroskleroze. Debelost in dieta z veliko soli lahko tudi pove\u010data tveganje za visok krvni tlak.<\/li>\n<li>Visoka raven holesterola ali trigliceridov v krvi: Visoka raven LDL holesterola in trigliceridov lahko zo\u017ei arterije po telesu in prispeva k aterosklerozi in miokardni ishemiji.<\/li>\n<li>Pomanjkanje telesne aktivnosti: Premalo vadbe prispeva k debelosti in visokemu holesterolu in trigliceridom, kar pove\u010duje tveganje za aterosklerozo.<\/li>\n<li>Debelost: Debelost pove\u010duje tveganje za miokardno ishemijo zaradi povezanosti z visokim holesterolom v krvi, visokim krvnim tlakom in sladkorno boleznijo.<\/li>\n<li>Obseg pasu: Obseg pasu ve\u010d kot 88 cm pri \u017eenskah in 102 cm ali ve\u010d pri mo\u0161kih pove\u010da tveganje za sr\u010dne bolezni.<\/li>\n<li>Dru\u017einska anamneza: Dru\u017einska anamneza sr\u010dnega infarkta ali koronarne arterije lahko pove\u010da tveganje za miokardno ishemijo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti miokardne ishemije lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sr\u010dni infarkt (miokardni infarkt): Popolna blokada koronarne arterije povzro\u010di pomanjkanje krvi in \u200b\u200bkisika, kar vodi do sr\u010dnega napada, kar lahko povzro\u010di resne ali smrtne po\u0161kodbe srca.<\/li>\n<li>Nepravilen sr\u010dni ritem (aritmija): Brez dovolj kisika lahko elektri\u010dni impulzi, ki koordinirajo sr\u010dni utrip, ne delujejo, kar povzro\u010di aritmije, ki so v nekaterih primerih lahko smrtno nevarne.<\/li>\n<li>Sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje: Ishemija miokarda lahko po\u0161koduje srce, kar vodi do zmanj\u0161anja sposobnosti u\u010dinkovitega \u010drpanja krvi. S\u010dasoma lahko \u0161koda povzro\u010di sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventiva\">Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>Zdrav \u017eivljenjski slog lahko prepre\u010di razvoj miokardne ishemije.<\/p>\n<p>Vzdr\u017eevanje zdravega na\u010dina \u017eivljenja vklju\u010duje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prenehati kaditi in se izogibati kajenju ali \u017eve\u010denju tobaka iz druge roke<\/li>\n<li>Obvladovanje pogojev, kot so visok krvni tlak, visok holesterol in diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Vadba<\/li>\n<li>Dieta z nizko vsebnostjo ma\u0161\u010dob in z malo soli<\/li>\n<li>Zmanj\u0161anje in obvladovanje stresa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72901","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Miokardna ishemija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miokardna ishemija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Miokardna ishemija se razvije, ko se krvni pretok skozi sr\u010dno mi\u0161ico zmanj\u0161a z delno ali popolno zaporo sr\u010dnih arterij (koronarnih arterij). Zmanj\u0161anje pretoka krvi zmanj\u0161a oskrbo srca s kisikom. Miokardna ishemija lahko po\u0161koduje sr\u010dno mi\u0161ico in tako zmanj\u0161a njeno sposobnost \u010drpanja in povzro\u010di resne nenormalne sr\u010dne ritme. 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