{"id":72898,"date":"2020-11-03T13:28:45","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/miastenija-gravis\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:18:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:18:55","slug":"miastenija-gravis","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/miastenija-gravis\/","title":{"rendered":"Miastenija Gravis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Myasthenia gravis je opredeljena s \u0161ibkostjo in hitro utrujenostjo katere koli mi\u0161ice, ki je pod na\u0161im nadzorom na\u0161e volje. Povzro\u010da jo prekinitev normalne komunikacije med \u017eivci in mi\u0161icami.<\/p>\n<p>Bolezen ni ozdravljiva, vendar zdravljenje lahko omili simptome, kot so oslabelost okon\u010din, dvojni vid ter te\u017eko po\u017eiranje in dihanje.<\/p>\n<p>Myasthenia gravis lahko prizadene ljudi katere koli starosti, vendar se pogosteje pojavlja pri \u017eenskah, mlaj\u0161ih od 40 let, in pri mo\u0161kih, starej\u0161ih od 60 let.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Myasthenia gravis povzro\u010da mi\u0161i\u010dno \u0161ibkost, ki se s ponavljajo\u010do uporabo prizadetih mi\u0161ic poslab\u0161a. Simptomi se obi\u010dajno izbolj\u0161ajo s po\u010ditkom; vendar bolezen s\u010dasoma napreduje, dokler simptomi ne dose\u017eejo najslab\u0161ih ravni.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi miastenije gravis lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pove\u0161anje ene ali obeh vek (ptoza)<\/li>\n<li>Dvojni vid (diplopija), ki je lahko vodoravni ali navpi\u010dni<\/li>\n<li>Spremenjen govor<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eavno po\u017eiranje<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave pri \u017eve\u010denju<\/li>\n<li>Omejeni izrazi obraza<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0161i\u010dna oslabelost v okon\u010dinah, vratu, o\u010deh ali obrazu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Protitelesa<\/p>\n<p>\u017divci komunicirajo z mi\u0161icami s spro\u0161\u010danjem kemikalij (nevrotransmiterjev) na receptorska mesta na mi\u0161i\u010dnih celicah na \u017eiv\u010dno-mi\u0161i\u010dnem sti\u010di\u0161\u010du.<\/p>\n<p>Myasthenia gravis povzro\u010da proizvodnjo protiteles, ki blokirajo ali uni\u010dijo mesta mi\u0161i\u010dnih receptorjev za nevrotransmiter, imenovan acetilholin.<\/p>\n<p>Manj receptorskih mest pomeni, da mi\u0161ice prejmejo manj \u017eiv\u010dnih signalov, kar ima za posledico \u0161ibkost. Protitelesa lahko tudi blokirajo delovanje proteina, imenovanega mi\u0161i\u010dno specifi\u010dni receptorski tirozin kinaza, ki sodeluje pri tvorbi \u017eiv\u010dno-mi\u0161i\u010dnega stika.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"timusna-zleza\">Timusna \u017eleza<\/h2>\n<p>Strokovnjaki verjamejo, da timusna \u017eleza, del imunskega sistema, ki se nahaja v zgornjem delu prsnega ko\u0161a pod prsnico, lahko spro\u017ei ali ohrani proizvodnjo protiteles, ki blokirajo acetilholin.<\/p>\n<p>Pri odraslih z miastenijo gravis je timusna \u017eleza nenormalno velika. V nekaterih primerih se na timusu (timusi) lahko razvijejo tumorji, vendar so ponavadi benigni.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"drugi-vzroki\">Drugi vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Myasthenia gravis, ki jo povzro\u010dajo drugi dejavniki, imenujemo na protitelesa negativna myasthenia gravis. Protitelesa proti drugemu beljakovini, imenovani lipoprotein, povezan protein 4, lahko prispevajo k razvoju stanja. Poleg tega so genetski dejavniki lahko povezani z razvojem miastenije gravis pri novorojen\u010dkih in prirojenim miasteni\u010dnim sindromom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dejavniki, ki lahko poslab\u0161ajo stanje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Utrujenost<\/li>\n<li>Bolezen<\/li>\n<li>Stres<\/li>\n<li>Izjemna vro\u010dina<\/li>\n<li>Nekatera zdravila (beta blokatorji, kinidin glukonat, kinidin sulfat, kinin, nekateri anestetiki in antibiotiki)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Miasteni\u010dna kriza<\/p>\n<p>Miasteni\u010dna kriza je \u017eivljenjsko nevarno stanje, ki se pojavi s oslabitvijo mi\u0161ic, ki nadzorujejo dihanje. Nujno zdravljenje lahko nudi mehansko pomo\u010d pri dihanju. Zdravila in terapije s filtriranjem krvi lahko pomagajo pri ponovni vzpostavitvi sposobnosti dihanja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tumorski tumorji<\/p>\n<p>Benigni tumorji timusa (timomi) so odkriti v pribli\u017eno 15% primerov miastenije gravis<\/p>\n<p>Druge motnje<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Neaktivna ali preaktivna \u0161\u010ditnica (nihanje hormonov, ki uravnavajo presnovo)<\/p>\n<p>Avtoimunska stanja (revmatoidni artritis ali lupus)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72898","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Miastenija Gravis - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miastenija Gravis - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Myasthenia gravis je opredeljena s \u0161ibkostjo in hitro utrujenostjo katere koli mi\u0161ice, ki je pod na\u0161im nadzorom na\u0161e volje. 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