{"id":72890,"date":"2020-11-03T13:29:34","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/rak-ust\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:18:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:18:49","slug":"rak-ust","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/rak-ust\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak ust"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"opredelitev\">Opredelitev<\/h2>\n<p>Rak ust se lahko razvije v katerem koli delu ust. Pojavi se lahko na: ustnicah, dlesni, jeziku, na notranji strani licih, na strehi ali tleh ust. \u010ce se pojavi na notranji strani ust, ga pogosto imenujemo rak ustne ali ustne votline. Rak ust spada v skupino raka, ki se imenuje rak glave in vratu. Vsi ti raki, ki spadajo v to kategorijo, se obi\u010dajno zdravijo na enak na\u010din.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi so lahko:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vneto grlo<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina, ki ne mine<\/li>\n<li>Izpu\u0161\u010daj ali zadebelitev ustne ko\u017ee ali sluznice<\/li>\n<li>Beli ali rde\u010dkasti obli\u017ei v ustih<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ibki zobje<\/li>\n<li>Proteze, ki se slabo prilegajo<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina v jeziku<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina v \u010deljusti<\/li>\n<li>Krutost \u010deljusti<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eavno bole\u010de po\u017eiranje<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u010dutek, kot da se nekaj zatakne v grlu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Oseba mora obiskati zdravnika ali zobozdravnika, \u010de je katerikoli simptom iz zgoraj navedenega konstanten ve\u010d kot dva tedna. Specialist bo natan\u010dno pregledal stanje, saj so lahko nekateri od teh simptomov tudi znak oku\u017ebe in nato dolo\u010dil diagnozo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Rak ust nastane zaradi mutacije v DNK celic v ustih ali ustnicah. Mutacija omogo\u010da, da rakave celice rastejo in se delijo, ko zdrave odmrejo. Tako nakopi\u010dene rakave celice lahko tvorijo tumor in se s\u010dasoma \u0161irijo na preostala podro\u010dja v ustih ali glavi in \u200b\u200bvratu, pa tudi na druge dele telesa. Obi\u010dajno se ve\u010dina rakov v ustih za\u010dne oblikovati v ravnih in tankih celicah, ki \u010drtajo ustnice in notranjost ust. Te celice imenujemo skvamozne celice. Ve\u010dina primerov oralnega raka je skvamoznih karcinomov. Ni znano, kaj povzro\u010da mutacijo skvamoznih celic, vendar so bili ugotovljeni nekateri dejavniki, ki lahko pove\u010dajo tveganje za nastanek raka ust.<\/p>\n<p>Ker se rak v usta nana\u0161a na raka na vseh delih, ki utele\u0161ajo usta in ustnice, lahko lo\u010dimo ve\u010d vrst raka ust:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rak sluznice sluznice v notranjem delu obrazov<\/li>\n<li>Rak trdega nepca-streha raka ust<\/li>\n<li>Talni rak ust<\/li>\n<li>Rak dlesni<\/li>\n<li>Rak ustnic<\/li>\n<li>Rak jezika<\/li>\n<li>Rak slinavke<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Naslednji dejavniki pove\u010dujejo tveganje za raka ust:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prekomerna uporaba alkohola<\/li>\n<li>Katera koli vrsta tobaka<\/li>\n<li>Obse\u017ena son\u010dna izpostavljenost ustnicam<\/li>\n<li>HPV (spolno prenosljivi virus, imenovan humani papiloma virus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Zdravljenje raka ust bo odvisno od polo\u017eaja raka, stopnje, ki jo je dosegel, in pacientovega splo\u0161nega zdravstvenega stanja in naklonjenosti. Pacient ima lahko samo eno zdravljenje ali kombinacijo zdravljenja. Zdravljenje je lahko:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve\u010d vrst operacij:<\/li>\n<li>-kirur\u0161ka odstranitev tumorja<\/li>\n<li>-kirur\u0161ki poseg za odstranitev raka, ki se je raz\u0161iril na vrat<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; operacija rekonstrukcije ust<\/li>\n<li>Sevalna terapija<\/li>\n<li>Kemoterapija<\/li>\n<li>Ciljno zdravljenje z zdravili<\/li>\n<li>Opustite kajenje ali u\u017eivanje tobaka katere koli vrste<\/li>\n<li>Nehajte piti alkohol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventiva\">Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>\u010ceprav ne obstaja noben preizku\u0161en na\u010din prepre\u010devanja nastanka raka na ustih, lahko naslednji nasveti zmanj\u0161ajo tveganje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NE kadite tobaka<\/li>\n<li>NE pijte alkohola pretirano; prenehajte piti ali piti v zmernih koli\u010dinah<\/li>\n<li>Jejte zdravo veliko sadja in zelenjave, ki z vitamini in antioksidanti zmanj\u0161a tveganje<\/li>\n<li>Izogibajte se obse\u017eni izpostavljenosti soncu<\/li>\n<li>Ustnice za\u0161\u010ditite pred soncem<\/li>\n<li>Redno obiskujte zobozdravnika<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72890","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak ust - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak ust - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opredelitev Rak ust se lahko razvije v katerem koli delu ust. 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Pojavi se lahko na: ustnicah, dlesni, jeziku, na notranji strani licih, na strehi ali tleh ust. \u010ce se pojavi na notranji strani ust, ga pogosto imenujemo rak ustne ali ustne votline. Rak ust spada v skupino raka, ki se imenuje rak glave in vratu. 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