{"id":72835,"date":"2020-11-03T15:17:41","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T15:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/nalezljive-bolezni\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:18:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:18:03","slug":"nalezljive-bolezni","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/","title":{"rendered":"Nalezljive bolezni"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nalezljive bolezni so motnje, ki jih povzro\u010dajo organizmi, kot so bakterije, virusi, glive ali paraziti. \u0160tevilni ne\u0161kodljivi organizmi \u017eivijo v \u010dlove\u0161kem telesu in na njem; vendar lahko pod dolo\u010denimi pogoji nekateri organizmi povzro\u010dijo bolezen.<\/p>\n<p>Nekatere nalezljive bolezni se lahko prena\u0161ajo z osebe na osebo. Druge se prena\u0161ajo z ugrizi \u017eu\u017eelk ali \u017eivali, nekaterih se pa nalezemo z zau\u017eitjem kontaminirane hrane ali vode ali z izpostavljenostjo organizmom v okolju.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi se lahko razlikujejo glede na organizem, ki povzro\u010da oku\u017ebo; vendar simptomi obi\u010dajno vklju\u010dujejo vro\u010dino in utrujenost. Blage oku\u017ebe lahko zdravimo \u017ee s po\u010ditkom in doma\u010dimi zdravili druge oku\u017ebe pa so lahko smrtno nevarne in zahtevajo zdravni\u0161ko oskrbo.<\/p>\n<p>Cepiva lahko prepre\u010dijo \u0161tevilne nalezljive bolezni, vklju\u010dno z o\u0161picami in noricami. Pogosto in temeljito umivanje rok lahko pomaga tudi pri prepre\u010devanju nalezljivih bolezni.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi vsake nalezljive bolezni so razli\u010dni. Splo\u0161ni simptomi, ki so skupni \u0161tevilnim nalezljivim boleznim, pa vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vro\u010dina<\/li>\n<li>Driska<\/li>\n<li>Utrujenost<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v mi\u0161icah<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017eni vzroki nalezljivih bolezni so:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bakterije: Enoceli\u010dni organizmi, ki povzro\u010dajo bolezni, kot so strepkoki v grlu, tuberkuloza in oku\u017ebe se\u010dil.<\/li>\n<li>Virusi: virusi lahko povzro\u010dijo \u0161irok spekter bolezni od navadnega prehlada do aidsa.<\/li>\n<li>Glivice: Glivice povzro\u010dajo \u0161tevilne ko\u017ene bolezni, kot so glivi\u010dna obolenja in \u0161portnikovo stopalo. Druge vrste glivic lahko oku\u017eijo plju\u010da ali \u017eiv\u010dni sistem.<\/li>\n<li>Paraziti: Paraziti se prena\u0161ajo s piki \u017eu\u017eelk in \u017eivalmi ali \u017eivalskim iztrebkom in lahko povzro\u010dijo bolezni, kot je malarija.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"neposreden-stik\">Neposreden stik<\/h2>\n<p>Nalezljive bolezni se lahko prek neposrednega stika \u0161irijo na tri na\u010dine:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z osebe na osebo: Prenos bakterij ali virusov z osebe na osebo se lahko zgodi, \u010de se oku\u017eeni dotakne, ka\u0161lja ali poljublja na drugo osebo, ki ni oku\u017eena. Isti povzro\u010ditelji se lahko \u0161irijo tudi z izmenjavo telesnih teko\u010din med spolnim stikom ali transfuzijo krvi.<\/li>\n<li>Z \u017eivali na ljudi: Oku\u017eena \u017eival lahko v ekstremnih okoli\u0161\u010dinah z ugrizom ali prasko povzro\u010di bolezen ali smrt. Ravnanje z \u017eivalskimi odpadki, kot je \u010di\u0161\u010denje ma\u010djega zaboj\u010dka, je tudi lahko nevarno.<\/li>\n<li>Nose\u010da mati: \u017denska lahko med nose\u010dnostjo prena\u0161a mikrobe, ki povzro\u010dajo nalezljive bolezni njenemu \u0161e nerojenemu otroku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"posreden-stik\">Posreden stik<\/h2>\n<p>Klice se lahko prena\u0161ajo tudi s posrednim stikom, ker se mikrobi lahko zadr\u017eijo na predmetih, kot so namizna plo\u0161\u010da, kljuka na vratih ali ro\u010dica pipa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ugriz-zuzelke\">Ugriz \u017eu\u017eelke<\/h2>\n<p>Nekateri mikrobi se prena\u0161ajo prek \u017eu\u017eelk &#8211; prena\u0161alece, kot so komarji, u\u0161i, bolhe ali klopi, ki se premikajo od gostitelja do gostitelja. Nosilci so znani kot vektorji. Na primer, jelenski klopi prena\u0161ajo bakterijo, ki povzro\u010da lajmsko bolezen, komarji pa lahko prena\u0161ajo parazita malarijo ali virus Zahodnega Nila.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kontaminacija-hrane\">Kontaminacija hrane<\/h2>\n<p>Nalezljive bolezni se lahko pojavijo zaradi mikrobov, ki \u017eivijo v kontaminirani hrani in vodi. Mehanizem prenosa vklju\u010duje en sam vir, ki omogo\u010da, da se mikrobi \u0161irijo na \u0161tevilne ljudi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Vsakdo lahko dobi nalezljive bolezni; vendar je tveganje lahko ve\u010dje, \u010de imunski sistem ne deluje pravilno. Razlog za to je lahko:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uporaba steroidov ali drugih zdravil, ki zavirajo imunski sistem, kot so zdravila proti zavrnitvi.<\/li>\n<li>Diagnoza virusa HIV ali aidsa<\/li>\n<li>Nekatere vrste raka ali druge motnje, ki vplivajo na imunski sistem.<\/li>\n<li>Druga zdravstvena stanja, kot so vsajeni medicinski pripomo\u010dki, ter podhranjenost.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Ve\u010dina nalezljivih bolezni ima manj\u0161e zaplete. Nekatere oku\u017ebe, kot so plju\u010dnica, meningitis in aids, pa lahko postanejo \u017eivljenjsko nevarne. Dolgotrajno pove\u010dano tveganje za nastanek raka je povezano z ve\u010d vrst oku\u017eb:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010clove\u0161ki papiloma virus (HPV) je povezan z rakom materni\u010dnega vratu<\/li>\n<li>Helicobacter pylori je povezan z rakom \u017eelodca<\/li>\n<li>Virus Epstein-Barr je povezan z limfomom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Naslednji nasveti lahko pomagajo zmanj\u0161ati tveganje za oku\u017ebe:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pogosto umivanje rok: \u0160e posebej pred in po pripravi hrane, pred jedjo in po uporabi strani\u0161\u010da.<\/li>\n<li>Pred umivanjem rok se ne dotikajte o\u010di, nosu ali ust<\/li>\n<li>Cepljenje proti obi\u010dajnim oku\u017ebam in boleznim<\/li>\n<li>Ostati doma, ko smo bolani<\/li>\n<li>Pravilna priprava hrane<\/li>\n<li>Vaditi varen seks<\/li>\n<li>Izogibajte se delitvi osebnih predmetov, kot so zobna \u0161\u010detka, glavnik in britvica<\/li>\n<li>Pozanimajte se o cepljenju, ko potujete v druge dr\u017eave<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72835","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nalezljive bolezni so motnje, ki jih povzro\u010dajo organizmi, kot so bakterije, virusi, glive ali paraziti. \u0160tevilni ne\u0161kodljivi organizmi \u017eivijo v \u010dlove\u0161kem telesu in na njem; vendar lahko pod dolo\u010denimi pogoji nekateri organizmi povzro\u010dijo bolezen. Nekatere nalezljive bolezni se lahko prena\u0161ajo z osebe na osebo. Druge se prena\u0161ajo z ugrizi \u017eu\u017eelk ali \u017eivali, nekaterih se pa [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-13T03:18:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/\",\"name\":\"Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-03T15:17:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-13T03:18:03+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Malattie\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/malattie\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Nalezljive bolezni\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"Humanitas Hospital\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sl-SI\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"sl_SI","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Nalezljive bolezni so motnje, ki jih povzro\u010dajo organizmi, kot so bakterije, virusi, glive ali paraziti. \u0160tevilni ne\u0161kodljivi organizmi \u017eivijo v \u010dlove\u0161kem telesu in na njem; vendar lahko pod dolo\u010denimi pogoji nekateri organizmi povzro\u010dijo bolezen. Nekatere nalezljive bolezni se lahko prena\u0161ajo z osebe na osebo. Druge se prena\u0161ajo z ugrizi \u017eu\u017eelk ali \u017eivali, nekaterih se pa [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","article_modified_time":"2025-01-13T03:18:03+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/","name":"Nalezljive bolezni - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-11-03T15:17:41+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-13T03:18:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sl-SI","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/nalezljive-bolezni\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Malattie","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/malattie\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Nalezljive bolezni"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"Humanitas Hospital","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sl-SI"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sl-SI","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano"]}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease\/72835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/disease"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/disease"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}