{"id":72833,"date":"2020-11-03T15:17:52","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T15:17:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/idiopatska-trombocitopenicna-purpura-itp\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:18:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:18:01","slug":"idiopatska-trombocitopenicna-purpura-itp","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/idiopatska-trombocitopenicna-purpura-itp\/","title":{"rendered":"Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura (ITP)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura (ITP) je motnja, ki lahko privede do preprostih ali prekomernih modric in krvavitev. Spremljajo jo nenavadno nizke ravni trombocitov (celice, ki povzro\u010dajo strjevanje krvi). Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura prizadene tako otroke kot odrasle. Otroci pogosteje razvijejo ITP po virusni oku\u017ebi in ponavadi okrevajo brez zdravljenja. Vendar pri odraslih stanje pogosto postane kroni\u010dno. Kroni\u010dni ali hudi primeri ITP zahtevajo zdravljenje z zdravili ali v redkih in kriti\u010dnih primerih z operacijo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ITP morda ne ka\u017ee nobenih znakov ali simptomov; kadar pa se pojavijo simptomi, lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lahka ali prekomerna modrica (purpura)<\/li>\n<li>Povr\u0161inska krvavitev v ko\u017eo, ki se ka\u017ee kot izpu\u0161\u010daj (ponavadi se pojavi na spodnjih nogah)<\/li>\n<li>Dolgotrajna krvavitev iz rezov<\/li>\n<li>Spontane krvavitve iz nosu<\/li>\n<li>Kri v urinu ali blatu<\/li>\n<li>Nenavadno mo\u010dan menstrualni pretok<\/li>\n<li>Krvavitve dlesni (zlasti po zobozdravni\u0161kem delu)<\/li>\n<li>Utrujenost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Natan\u010den vzrok idiopatske trombocitopeni\u010dne purpure ni znan. Idiopatska ima pomen &#8220;neznanega vzroka&#8221;. Vendar je znano, da pri ljudeh z ITP imunski sistem ne deluje in napada trombocite, kot da so tuje snovi. Posledica tega procesa je manj\u0161e \u0161tevilo kro\u017ei\u0161\u010d trombocitov. Ko se \u0161tevilo trombocitov zmanj\u0161uje, se pove\u010da tveganje za krvavitev. Pri \u0161tevilu trombocitov, ki je manj\u0161i od 10.000, obstaja veliko tveganje za notranjo krvavitev, kljub po\u0161kodbi. Pri otrocih ITP obi\u010dajno sledi virusni bolezni, lahko pa gre za oku\u017ebo, ki spro\u017ei imunski sistem in vodi v njegovo okvaro.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dejavniki, ki pove\u010dujejo tveganje za ITP, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spol: \u017eenske pogosteje razvijejo ITP kot mo\u0161ki<\/li>\n<li>Nedavna virusna oku\u017eba: po virusni oku\u017ebi otroci la\u017eje razvijejo ITP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Najresnej\u0161i zaplet povezan z ITP je krvavitev, zlasti mo\u017eganska krvavitev (intrakranialna krvavitev), ki je lahko usodna. Vendar pa se pri ITP redko pojavijo ve\u010dje krvavitve.<\/p>\n<p>Kortikosteroidi se uporabljajo za zdravljenje kroni\u010dnega ali hudega ITP. Dolgotrajna uporaba kortikosteroidov lahko privede do zapletov, kot so izguba kosti, katarakta in visoka raven sladkorja v krvi.<\/p>\n<p>Odstranitev vranice (splenektomija) pomaga prepre\u010diti izgubo trombocitov. Vendar splenektomija povzro\u010di trajno ob\u010dutljivost oku\u017ebe, vendar je tveganje na splo\u0161no majhno.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nosecnost\">Nose\u010dnost<\/h2>\n<p>Nose\u010dnice z blagim ITP imajo obi\u010dajno normalno nose\u010dnost in porod; vendar lahko protitelesa na trombocite preidejo skozi posteljico in vplivajo na otrokovo \u0161tevilo trombocitov. Za to je potrebno redno spremljanje otroka, da se zagotovi izbolj\u0161anje \u0161tevila trombocitov dojen\u010dka.<\/p>\n<p>Nose\u010dnice z zelo majhnim \u0161tevilom trombocitov med porodom pove\u010dajo tveganje za mo\u010dne krvavitve. Zato je morda potrebno zdravljenje za vzdr\u017eevanje stabilnega \u0161tevila trombocitov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravljenje\">Zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>Zdravljenje ITP se osredoto\u010da na zagotavljanje varnega in stabilnega \u0161tevila trombocitov in prepre\u010devanje krvavitvenih zapletov.<\/p>\n<p>Zdravljenje obi\u010dajno vklju\u010duje zdravila ali v nekaterih primerih tudi kirur\u0161ki poseg (splenektomija).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zdravila\">Zdravila<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kortikosteroidi pomagajo pove\u010dati \u0161tevilo trombocitov z zmanj\u0161anjem aktivnosti imunskega sistema.<\/p>\n<p>Intravenski imunski globulin (IVIG) za prepre\u010devanje krvavitev in za pove\u010danje krvne slike pred operacijo.<\/p>\n<p>Agonisti receptorjev za trombopoetin pomagajo kostnemu mozgu proizvesti ve\u010d trombocitov, kar pomaga prepre\u010diti nastanek modric in krvavitev.<\/p>\n<p>Za zmanj\u0161anje odziva imunskega sistema pri ljudeh s hudo ITP se uporablja biolo\u0161ka terapija.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kirurgija-splenektomija\">Kirurgija (splenektomija)<\/h2>\n<p>Hud primer ITP lahko zahteva odstranitev vranice. To odpravi vir uni\u010denja trombocitov v telesu in izbolj\u0161a \u0161tevilo trombocitov. Splenektomija morda ni tako u\u010dinkovita za vsakogar, pri otrocih pa jo zaradi svoje visoke hitrosti spontane remisije redko izvajajo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"nujno-zdravljenje\">Nujno zdravljenje<\/h2>\n<p>V redkih primerih lahko pride do mo\u010dne krvavitve z ITP, kar je \u017eivljenjsko nevarna situacija, ki zahteva takoj\u0161njo zdravni\u0161ko pomo\u010d. To vklju\u010duje transfuzijo koncentracij trombocitov, intravenski metilprednizolon in intravenski imunski globulin.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"drugi-nacini-zdravljenja\">Drugi na\u010dini zdravljenja<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Imunosupresivna zdravila<\/p>\n<p>Zdravljenje H. pylori, ki lahko pove\u010da \u0161tevilo trombocitov<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72833","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura (ITP) - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura (ITP) - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura (ITP) je motnja, ki lahko privede do preprostih ali prekomernih modric in krvavitev. 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