{"id":72818,"date":"2020-11-04T10:02:40","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T10:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/cepljenje-proti-humanemu-papiloma-virusu-hpv\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:17:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:17:49","slug":"cepljenje-proti-humanemu-papiloma-virusu-hpv","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/cepljenje-proti-humanemu-papiloma-virusu-hpv\/","title":{"rendered":"Cepljenje proti humanemu papiloma virusu (HPV)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaj je cepivo proti humanemu papiloma virusu (HPV)?<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010clove\u0161ki papiloma virus (HPV) velja za odgovornega za \u0161iroko oku\u017ebo.<\/p>\n

Ugotovljeni so bili kot skupina ve\u010d kot 200 sorodnih virusov, ki najpogosteje povzro\u010dajo lezije, kot so bradavice in ve\u010d kot 40 vrst HPV, ki oku\u017eijo sluznico, zlasti spolovila. Nekatere lezije se lahko razvijejo tudi v raka.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vrste HPV, ki vplivajo na sluznico, so razdeljene v dve kategoriji: HPV z visokim tveganjem in HPV z majhnim tveganjem. Visoko tvegani HPV se razvijejo v raka in so odgovorni za pribli\u017eno 70% raka materni\u010dnega vratu, medtem ko so nizko tvegani HPVS benigni in z majhnim tveganjem za maligno transformacijo. HPV je odgovoren tudi za tumorje, kot so analni rak, rak penisa in rak orofaringeusa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uporaba kondomov med spolnimi odnosi lahko zmanj\u0161a, ne pa tudi odpravi tveganje za oku\u017ebo s HPV. Cepivo proti humanemu papiloma virusu prepre\u010duje tveganje oku\u017ebe, in je u\u010dinkovito; dajati ga moramo, preden telo pride v stik z virusom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iz \u010desa je sestavljeno cepivo proti humanemu papiloma virusu (HPV)?<\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cepivo proti humanemu papiloma je sestavljeno iz delcev, povezanih s pomo\u017enimi snovmi, ki jih proizvaja rekombinantna DNK in zato ne uporablja DNK virusa samega.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na voljo sta dve glavni cepivi:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0160tirivalentno cepivo: cepivo, ki ga je mogo\u010de uporabiti pri mo\u0161kih in \u017eenskah, sestavljeno iz HPV vrst 6, 11, 16 in 18 (odgovorno za ve\u010d kot 90% prisotnosti bradavic). Injicira se intramuskularno v anterolateralni predel zgornjega dela stegna.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    • Dvovalentno cepivo: cepivo, ki ga dajemo samo \u017eenskam, sestavljeno iz HPV vrst 16 in 18 (odgovorno za ve\u010d kot 70% vseh raka materni\u010dnega vratu). Injicira se intramuskularno v zgornjem predelu roke.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Kdaj je priporo\u010dljivo prejeti cepivo proti humanemu papiloma virusu (HPV)?<\/h2>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Cepivo proti virusu papiloma ni obvezno, vendar je zelo priporo\u010dljivo (za mlaj\u0161e \u017eenske okoli 12 let) glede na visoko stopnjo pojavnosti oku\u017eb s HPV in mo\u017ene posledice. Oku\u017eba se zgodi s spolnim stikom, zato je priporo\u010dljivo, da se cepljenje prejme, preden se vklju\u010dite v spolne odnose.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Odmerki cepiva se razlikujejo glede na starost posameznika in vrsto cepiva:<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0160tirivalentno cepivo: <\/strong>cepivo, ki ga lahko prejmemo v dveh odmerkih (drugi odmerek v 6 mesecih po prvem) pri posameznikih med 9. in 13. letom, daje se ga pa lahko tudi v treh odmerkih (od tega je drugi odmerek prejeli vsaj mesec dni po prvem in tretji odmerek najmanj tri mesece po drugem). Vse tri odmerke je treba kljub temu dati v enem letu. Po 14. letu starosti je treba tri odmerke dajati z enako hitrostjo kot prej\u0161nja leta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Dvovalentno cepivo: <\/strong>cepivo, ki ga lahko prejmemo v dveh odmerkih (drugi odmerek v 5-7 mesecih po prvem) pri posameznikih med 9. in 14. letom starosti. Po 14. letu starosti je treba uporabiti tri odmerke, kot sledi : drugi odmerek 1-2,5 meseca po prvem in tretji odmerek 5\u201312 mesecev po drugem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Kak\u0161ni so stranski u\u010dinki cepiva proti humanemu papiloma virusu (HPV)?<\/h2>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Cepivo proti humanemu papiloma je zelo varno. Po aplikaciji lahko na mestu injiciranja \u010dutimo le rahlo bole\u010dino. Blagi simptomi, ki se lahko pojavijo, vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          • Rde\u010dica na mestu injiciranja<\/li>\n
          • srbenje na mestu injiciranja<\/li>\n
          • Oteklina<\/li>\n
          • Bole\u010dina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Kot vsa cepiva obstaja tudi mo\u017enost resnih te\u017eav, na primer hude alergijske reakcije in \u010deprav so le te redke, se lahko pojavijo tudi tak\u0161ni primeri. Te te\u017eave se lahko pojavijo v nekaj minutah ali nekaj urah po cepljenju, odvisno od imunskega sistema posameznika.<\/p>\n

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