{"id":72752,"date":"2020-11-04T10:28:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T10:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/epilepsija-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:16:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:16:55","slug":"epilepsija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/epilepsija\/","title":{"rendered":"Epilepsija"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Epilepsija je mo\u017eganska motnja, ki povzro\u010da napade ali obdobja nenavadnega vedenja. Med napadom pride do nenormalnih sunkov nevronov (celic v mo\u017eganih), ki spro\u017eijo elektri\u010dni impulz, kar posledi\u010dno povzro\u010di, da se delovanje \u017eiv\u010dnih celic v mo\u017eganih in telesu zmoti in se za\u010dnejo \u010dudno obna\u0161ati. Za diagnozo epilepsije so obi\u010dajno potrebna vsaj dva neprovocirana napada. Zdravni\u0161ka pomo\u010d je potrebna za epilepsijo in mo\u017enosti zdravljenja obi\u010dajno vklju\u010dujejo zdravila ali operativni poseg.<\/p>\n<p>Obstajata dve glavni kategoriji epilepsije:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>idiopatska (ali primarna) epilepsija: Nobenega o\u010ditnega vzroka za epilepsijo ni mogo\u010de najti, vendar je bolezen v zgodovini dru\u017eine, kar ka\u017ee na to, da se je morda podedovala<\/li>\n<li>simptomatska (ali sekundarna) epilepsija: Pri posameznikovi epilepsiji je znan vzrok<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi napadov lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Za\u010dasna zmeda<\/li>\n<li>Pogled v prazen prostor<\/li>\n<li>Nenadzorovano trzanje rok in nog<\/li>\n<li>Izguba zavesti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"psihicni-simptomi\">Psihi\u010dni simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi epilepsije se razlikujejo glede na vrsto epilepsije. Zdravniki obi\u010dajno gledajo na kr\u010de kot \u017eari\u0161\u010dne (prizadene del mo\u017eganov) ali generalizirane (prizadeta so vsa podro\u010dja mo\u017eganov) glede na to, kako se za\u010dne nenormalna mo\u017eganska aktivnost.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fokalni-napadi\">Fokalni napadi<\/h2>\n<p>Fokusni napadi brez izgube zavesti (preprosti delni napadi): Kr\u010di, ki lahko spremenijo \u010dustva ali spremenijo pogled na dolo\u010dene stvari z videzom, vonjem, okusom ali zvokom. Posledica tega je lahko tudi trzanje dolo\u010denih delov telesa.<\/p>\n<p>Fokalni diskognitivni napadi (kompleksni delni napadi): epilepti\u010dni napadi, ki vklju\u010dujejo spremembo ali izgubo zavesti ali zavedanja, pa tudi izvajanje ponavljajo\u010dih se gibov, kot sta drgnjenje rok ali hoja v krogih.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"splosni-napadi\">Splo\u0161ni napadi<\/h2>\n<p>Kr\u010di odsotnosti: epilepti\u010dni napadi, ki vklju\u010dujejo strmljenje v prostor, s katerim se izvajajo manj\u0161i telesni gibi, kot so utripanje o\u010des s trzanjem ustnic. Te vrste napadov se najpogosteje pojavijo pri otrocih.<\/p>\n<p>Toni\u010dni napadi: epilepti\u010dni napadi, ki povzro\u010dajo otrdelost mi\u0161ic v hrbtu, rokah in nogah.<\/p>\n<p>Atoni\u010dni napadi: epilepti\u010dni napadi, ki vklju\u010dujejo izgubo nadzora mi\u0161ic, kar povzro\u010di nenadne padce ali padce.<\/p>\n<p>Kloni\u010dni napadi: napadi, ki vklju\u010dujejo ponavljajo\u010de se trzanje. Ti napadi obi\u010dajno vplivajo na vrat, obraz in roke.<\/p>\n<p>Mioklonski napadi: epilepti\u010dni napadi, ki vklju\u010dujejo nenadne kratke trzaje ali trzanje rok in nog.<\/p>\n<p>Toni\u010dno-kloni\u010dni napadi: kr\u010di, ki povzro\u010dajo izgubo zavesti, zakr\u010denost mi\u0161ic, tresenje in v\u010dasih izgubo nadzora mehurja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Epilepsija se lahko za\u010dne pri kateri koli starosti; vendar se najpogosteje za\u010dne v otro\u0161tvu. \u010ceprav ni enega posebnega razloga, zakaj posameznik razvije stanje, obstajajo dejavniki, ki ga povezujejo s po\u0161kodbo mo\u017eganov. Epilepsijo lahko povzro\u010dijo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pogoji mo\u017eganov (mo\u017eganski tumorji ali kapi)<\/li>\n<li>Travma glave (prometna nesre\u010da ali druge travmati\u010dne po\u0161kodbe)<\/li>\n<li>Nalezljive bolezni (AIDS, virusni encefalitis)<\/li>\n<li>Genetski vpliv (\u017eari\u0161\u010dni napadi, generalizirani napadi)<\/li>\n<li>Prenatalna po\u0161kodba (slaba prehrana, oku\u017eba od matere, pomanjkanje kisika)<\/li>\n<li>Motnje v razvoju (avtizem, nevrofibromatoza)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Nekateri dejavniki, povezani s tveganjem za razvoj epilepsije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Starost (najpogostej\u0161a v otro\u0161tvu in po 60. letu)<\/li>\n<li>Po\u0161kodbe glave (prometna nesre\u010da ali druge travmati\u010dne po\u0161kodbe)<\/li>\n<li>Napadi v otro\u0161tvu (spro\u017eeni z visoko vro\u010dino)<\/li>\n<li>Kap in druge bolezni krvnih \u017eil<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017ebe mo\u017eganov (meningitis)<\/li>\n<li>Dru\u017einska anamneza epilepsije<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Zapleti, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi epilepsije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u017enost padca in po\u0161kodb glave ali kosti med epizodo<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost utapljanja med plavanjem ali kopanjem<\/li>\n<li>Avtomobilske nesre\u010de (izguba nadzora ali ozave\u0161\u010denosti)<\/li>\n<li>Psiholo\u0161ka ali vedenjska vpra\u0161anja (depresija, tesnoba, samomor, te\u017eave pri u\u010denju)<\/li>\n<li>Trajne po\u0161kodbe mo\u017eganov<\/li>\n<li>Zapleti v nose\u010dnosti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Drugi te\u017eji zapleti, ki lahko nastanejo zaradi epilepsije, vklju\u010dujejo naslednje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Statusni epileptik: neprekinjena epilepti\u010dna aktivnost, ki traja ve\u010d kot 5 minut ali ima ponavljajo\u010de se epilepti\u010dne napade<\/li>\n<li>Nenadna nepojasnjena smrt pri epilepsiji (SUDEP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventiva\">Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceprav ni znane metode za prepre\u010devanje epilepsije, lahko pravilna prehrana, spanje, izogibanje prepovedanim drogam in alkoholom ter no\u0161enje za\u0161\u010ditne opreme pri kontaktnih \u0161portih ali drugih telesnih dejavnostih, pomagajo zmanj\u0161ati mo\u017enost spro\u017eenja napadov pri posameznikih, ki trpijo zaradi epilepsije<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72752","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Epilepsija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epilepsija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Epilepsija je mo\u017eganska motnja, ki povzro\u010da napade ali obdobja nenavadnega vedenja. 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