{"id":72695,"date":"2020-11-04T14:25:49","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/navadna-spremenljiva-imunska-pomanjkljivost\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:16:08","slug":"navadna-spremenljiva-imunska-pomanjkljivost","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/navadna-spremenljiva-imunska-pomanjkljivost\/","title":{"rendered":"Navadna spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Navadna spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost (CVID) je opredeljena kot disfunkcija imunskega sistema, ki jo obi\u010dajno povzro\u010di mutacija gena ali genov, v kateri je ve\u010d beljakovin (protiteles), ki pomagajo v boju proti oku\u017ebam, na nizki ravni. Ljudje s CVID so zelo dovzetni za oku\u017ebe, zlasti v dihalih, sinusih in u\u0161esih. Za CVID je zna\u010dilna nizka raven specifi\u010dnih beljakovin (protiteles), imenovanih tudi imunoglobulin, kar ima za posledico zmanj\u0161anje sposobnosti za boj proti invazivnim mikroorganizmom, toksinom ali drugim tujim snovem. Te imunoglobuline proizvajajo specializirane bele krvni\u010dke (B celice), ko dozorijo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi CVID se lahko pojavijo v otro\u0161tvu ali mladostni\u0161tvu. Znaki in simptomi CVID vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ponavljajo\u010de se u\u0161esne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Ponavljajo\u010de se sinusne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Ponavljajo\u010de se plju\u010dne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Plju\u010dnica<\/li>\n<li>Ponavljajo\u010de se bronhialne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Prebavne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010di otekli sklepi<\/li>\n<li>Oteklo koleno<\/li>\n<li>Otekel gle\u017eenj<\/li>\n<li>Otekel komolec<\/li>\n<li>Oteklo zapestje<\/li>\n<li>Prebavni simptomi<\/li>\n<li>Pove\u010dana vranica<\/li>\n<li>Ote\u010dene \u017eleze<\/li>\n<li>Otekle bezgavke<\/li>\n<li>Avtoimunske bolezni<\/li>\n<li>Sinusne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>U\u0161esne oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Konjunktivitis<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017ebe dihal<\/li>\n<li>Driska<\/li>\n<li>Meningitis<\/li>\n<li>Limfadenopatija<\/li>\n<li>Nizko \u0161tevilo plazemskih celic v kostnem mozgu<\/li>\n<li>T-celi\u010dna disfunkcija<\/li>\n<li>Bronhiektazija<\/li>\n<li>Kroni\u010dna driska<\/li>\n<li>Zni\u017eane ravni IgA<\/li>\n<li>Zni\u017eane ravni IgG<\/li>\n<li>Zni\u017eane ravni IgM<\/li>\n<li>Pomanjkanje normalnih ravni protiteles<\/li>\n<li>Kroni\u010dne ponavljajo\u010de se oku\u017ebe<\/li>\n<li>Prisotnost protiteles proti IgA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Znaki in simptomi CVID se lahko razlikujejo odvisno od posameznika.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Primarni vzrok CVID zaradi heterogenosti bolezni ni znan. Mislimo, da je pogosta spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost posledica kombinacije genetskih in okoljskih dejavnikov. Bolezen se lahko podeduje ali pa ga povzro\u010di uporaba nekaterih antirevmati\u010dnih ali antiepilepti\u010dnih zdravil.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Ve\u010dina bolnikov z navadno spremenljivo imunsko pomanjkljivostjo dobi pogoste bakterijske oku\u017ebe u\u0161es, sinusov, bronhijev in plju\u010d. Obi\u010dajno imajo tudi pove\u010dano vranico in otekle \u017eleze ali bezgavke. Bolniki lahko razvijejo bole\u010de otekle sklepe v kolenu, gle\u017enju, komolcu ali zapestju in lahko razvijejo tudi prebavne motnje. Skupaj z drugimi avtoimunskimi te\u017eavami nekateri bolniki razvijejo avtoprotitelesa, ki napadajo lastne krvne celice. Bolniki s CVID imajo pove\u010dano tveganje za razvoj nekaterih vrst raka.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>Bolniki s CVID lahko razvijejo zaplete razli\u010dnih vrst, kot so:<\/p>\n<p>Avtoimunske manifestacije<\/p>\n<p>Avtoimunost je glavna vrsta zapletov pri bolnikih s CVID: perniciozna anemija, avtoimunska hemoliti\u010dna anemija, idiopatska trombocitopeni\u010dna purpura, luskavica, vitiligo, revmatoidni artritis, primarni hipotiroidizem, atrofi\u010dni gastritis, malignosti, zlasti ne-hodgomaginovi gastomi;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"enteropatija\">Enteropatija<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi enteropatije CVID so podobni simptomom celiakije, ki jih obi\u010dajno spremljajo simptomi, kot so kr\u010di v trebuhu, driska, zaprtje in v nekaterih primerih malabsorpcija in izguba te\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Limfocitna infiltracija tkiv<\/p>\n<p>To stanje povzro\u010di otekanje bezgavk, pove\u010danje vranice in jeter, pa tudi tvorbo granulomov.<\/p>\n<p>Zaradi ukvarjanja s simptomi se lahko razvijeta tudi tesnoba in depresija.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preprecevanje\">Prepre\u010devanje<\/h2>\n<p>Ni znanega na\u010dina za prepre\u010devanje prirojenih motenj imunske pomanjkljivosti. Toda vsi posamezniki, ki dedujejo mutacijo genov, povezano s CVID, ne bodo razvili bolezni. Za nastanek motnje so verjetno potrebni dodatni genetski ali okoljski dejavniki, ker imajo v mnogih primerih prizadeti otroci prizadetega star\u0161a, ki ima isto mutacijo. Dobra prehrana lahko prepre\u010di pridobljeno imunsko pomanjkljivost, ki jo povzro\u010da podhranjenost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72695","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Navadna spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Navadna spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Navadna spremenljiva imunska pomanjkljivost (CVID) je opredeljena kot disfunkcija imunskega sistema, ki jo obi\u010dajno povzro\u010di mutacija gena ali genov, v kateri je ve\u010d beljakovin (protiteles), ki pomagajo v boju proti oku\u017ebam, na nizki ravni. 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