{"id":72672,"date":"2020-11-04T14:59:21","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/rak-maternicnega-vratu\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:15:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:15:50","slug":"rak-maternicnega-vratu","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/rak-maternicnega-vratu\/","title":{"rendered":"Rak materni\u010dnega vratu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"maternicni-vrat\">Materni\u010dni vrat<\/h2>\n<p>Materni\u010dni vrat ali vrat maternice je spodnji del maternice (slika 1) in dolo\u010da prehod med materni\u010dnim telesom in no\u017enico. Materni\u010dni vrat pre\u010dka vretenast kanal, imenovan kanal materni\u010dnega vratu (slika 2).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cervikalni kanal je mejen z materni\u010dno odprtino (OUI) in zunanjo materni\u010dno odprtino (OUE). Na ravni materni\u010dnega vratu so tudi vlaknaste strukture, ki maternico pritrdijo na steno medeni\u010dne kosti. Materni\u010dne arterije in ureter, razteza se\u010dil, ki povezujejo ledvico z mehurjem, pre\u010dkajo vlaknaste strukture. Poleg tega se skvamozno-stolpni spoj (SCJ) materni\u010dnega vratu nana\u0161a na prehodno obmo\u010dje med skvamoznim epitelijem vagine in stolpnim epitelijem endocerviksa.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"rak-maternicnega-vratu\">Rak materni\u010dnega vratu<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rak materni\u010dnega vratu je bolezen, ki jo povzro\u010di nenadzorovano mno\u017eenje nekaterih celic, ki se nahajajo na skvamozno-stolpnem kri\u017ei\u0161\u010du, ki postanejo maligne.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rak materni\u010dnega vratu je vodilni vzrok smrti zaradi ginekolo\u0161kih raka na svetu, skoraj polovica primerov pa se zgodi med \u017eenskami, starimi med 35 in 55 let. Za zdravljenje je pomembna zgodnja diagnoza, saj so mo\u017enosti za ozdravitev ve\u010dje.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Oku\u017eba z virusom humanega papiloma (HPV)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Oku\u017eba z virusom humanega papiloma (HPV) (slika 4) je najpomembnej\u0161i dejavnik tveganja, povezan z rakom materni\u010dnega vratu. Na \u017ealost je te\u017eko prepre\u010diti oku\u017ebo odraslih z aktivnim spolnim \u017eivljenjem, \u010de upo\u0161tevamo nezadostno u\u010dinkovitost kondomov pri prepre\u010devanju \u0161irjenja tega virusa. Do danes prepoznamo skoraj 100 razli\u010dnih genotipov HPV; 40 od \u200b\u200bteh ima nagnjenost (tropizem) k razmno\u017eevanju v zna\u010dilnem okolju genitalnega trakta.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Drugi priznani dejavniki tveganja:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zgodnji za\u010detek spolne aktivnosti (v zgodnji adolescenci, ki se kon\u010da pribli\u017eno po dopolnjenem 16. letu starosti) in spolna promiskuiteta se \u0161tejeta za dejavnike tveganja pri HPV in drugih oku\u017ebah genitalnega trakta, ki so ve\u010dinoma odgovorne za raka materni\u010dnega vratu<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u010dkratni porod ali porod v zgodnji starosti (mladostni\u0161tvo)<\/li>\n<li>Oku\u017ebe s klamidijo ali herpes simpleksom, na primer z nezadostno spolno higieno<\/li>\n<li>Cigaretni dim<\/li>\n<li>Uporaba peroralnih kontraceptivov, zlasti podalj\u0161ana uporaba zunaj zdravnikovega nasveta. Dokazi ka\u017eejo, da jemanje peroralnih kontraceptivov ve\u010d kot 5 let znatno pove\u010da tveganje za raka materni\u010dnega vratu.<\/li>\n<li>Oslabljen imunski sistem (imuno-supresivni sindromi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaksni-so-simptomi-raka-maternicnega-vratu\">Kak\u0161ni so simptomi raka materni\u010dnega vratu?<\/h2>\n<p>Rak materni\u010dnega vratu je v za\u010detnih fazah pogosto asimptomatski; zato je pomembno redno pregledovanje medenice in letne preglede (na primer test PAP), ki v ve\u010dini primerov slu\u017eijo za diagnosticiranje te bolezni v zgodnji fazi njenega razvoja. Simptomi so lahko prisotni v razli\u010dnih interpretacijah, saj so podobni \u0161tevilnim boleznim spolovil in se pojavljajo ob\u010dasno tudi pri zdravih posameznikih. V primeru enega ali ve\u010d spodaj na\u0161tetih simptomov je \u0161e vedno pomembno opraviti ginekolo\u0161ki pregled, vsaj za izklju\u010ditev drugih bolezni.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nenormalne krvavitve iz no\u017enice (zunaj menstrualnega cikla)<\/li>\n<li>Nenavaden izcedek iz no\u017enice (barva in tekstura)<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dine v medenici<\/li>\n<li>Bole\u010dina ali krvavitev med seksom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72672","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rak materni\u010dnega vratu - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rak materni\u010dnega vratu - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Materni\u010dni vrat Materni\u010dni vrat ali vrat maternice je spodnji del maternice (slika 1) in dolo\u010da prehod med materni\u010dnim telesom in no\u017enico. Materni\u010dni vrat pre\u010dka vretenast kanal, imenovan kanal materni\u010dnega vratu (slika 2). &nbsp; Cervikalni kanal je mejen z materni\u010dno odprtino (OUI) in zunanjo materni\u010dno odprtino (OUE). 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Materni\u010dni vrat pre\u010dka vretenast kanal, imenovan kanal materni\u010dnega vratu (slika 2). &nbsp; Cervikalni kanal je mejen z materni\u010dno odprtino (OUI) in zunanjo materni\u010dno odprtino (OUE). 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