{"id":72601,"date":"2020-11-04T15:38:23","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T15:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/artroza-3\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:14:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:14:53","slug":"artroza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/artroza\/","title":{"rendered":"Artroza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Artroza ali osteoartritis je bolezen, ki se pojavi zaradi staranja in obrabe sklepov, ki ve\u010dinoma prizadene sklepe, ki so pogosteje izpostavljeni velikim obremenitvam, to so boki, kolena in hrbtenica; redkeje lahko prizadene tudi sklepe rok in nog. Najpogostej\u0161i simptomi osteoartritisa so bole\u010dina, okorelost in omejitev pri uporabi sklepa. Simptomi se za\u010dnejo pojavljati okoli 50. leta, zlasti pri \u017eenskah pri menopavzi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaj-je-osteoartritis\">Kaj je osteoartritis?<\/h2>\n<p>Osteoartritis je bolezen, ki se pojavi zaradi obrabe in raztrganine in staranja sklepov, ki prizadene predvsem sklepe, ki so pogosto izpostavljeni velikim obremenitvam, torej kolena in hrbtenice, redkeje pa lahko prizadene tudi sklepe rok in noge.<\/p>\n<p>Osteoartritis povzro\u010di poslab\u0161anje hrustanca, ki pokriva kostne povr\u0161ine znotraj sklepov. Hrustanec je tkivo, ki zmanj\u0161uje trenje med kostmi in ko ga po\u0161kodujemo zaradi obrabe, izgubi elasti\u010dnost, postane bolj tog in se la\u017eje po\u0161koduje. Poleg poslab\u0161anja hrustanca se kite in ligamenti vnamejo, kar povzro\u010da bole\u010dino. \u010ce se stanje poslab\u0161a, se kosti lahko podrgnejo med seboj, kar povzro\u010da bole\u010dino, otekanje in togost, pojavijo pa se lahko tudi kostni izlivi, imenovani &#8220;osteofiti&#8221;, obi\u010dajno na rokah.<\/p>\n<p>Simptomi osteoartritisa se za\u010dnejo pojavljati okoli 50. leta, zlasti pri \u017eenskah pri menopavzi. Pred tem artroza enako prizadene mo\u0161ke in \u017eenske, vzroki pa so lahko delno povezani ali zaradi \u017eivljenjskega sloga in hormonskih sprememb, povezanih z menopavzo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaj-povzroca-artrozo\">Kaj povzro\u010da artrozo?<\/h2>\n<p>Osteoartritis je bolezen, povezana s staranjem in obrabo artikularnega hrustanca, ki jo lahko podpirajo dejavniki, kot so:<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"druzinska-zgodovina\">Dru\u017einska zgodovina<\/h2>\n<p>Prekomerna te\u017ea in debelost: odve\u010dna te\u017ea dolgoro\u010dno \u0161koduje sklepom kolka, kolena in stopala<\/p>\n<p>Zlomi in po\u0161kodbe sklepov<\/p>\n<p>Nekatera opravila, ki zahtevajo prisilni polo\u017eaj (dolgo kle\u010danje) ali nadaljnjo uporabo dolo\u010denih sklepov (npr. Sklepov prstov)<\/p>\n<p>\u0160port, kot je nogomet: kjer pride do prezgodnje obrabe hrustanca stopal in kolen<\/p>\n<p>Bolezni cirkulacije, ki povzro\u010dajo krvavitve in po\u0161kodbe sklepov (npr. Hemofilija, avaskularna osteonekroza)<\/p>\n<p>Nekatere oblike artritisa (npr. Protin, psevdo protin ali revmatoidni artritis), ki po\u0161kodujejo artikulacijo in jo naredijo bolj dovzetne za po\u0161kodbe hrustanca.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaksni-so-simptomi-osteoartritisa\">Kak\u0161ni so simptomi osteoartritisa?<\/h2>\n<p>Najpogostej\u0161i simptomi osteoartritisa so bole\u010dina ter togost in omejitev pri uporabi prizadetega sklepa.<\/p>\n<p>Izku\u0161ena bole\u010dina je mehanska, tj. Pove\u010dana po vadbi ali ko obremenite prizadeti sklep s te\u017eo; ponavadi je bole\u010dina pono\u010di bolj intenzivna in jo omili po\u010ditek. Pogosto na za\u010detku gibov sli\u0161imo artikulacijo in hrup, ki jo imenujemo &#8220;razpoki&#8221;. Te simptome nimajo vsi bolniki z osteoartritisom; osteoartritis pogosto postane viden le z izvajanjem rentgena.<\/p>\n<p>Nekateri posebni vidiki osteoartritisa so tisti, ki vplivajo na roke. Pogosto lahko prizadene obremenitev majhnih sklepov prstov: &#8220;Heberdenovi vozli\u010di&#8221;, ki vplivajo na distalne sklepe (konce) prstov, &#8220;vozli\u010di Boucharda&#8221; pa se razvijejo na ravni proksimalnih sklepov prstov. Obe vrsti vozli\u010dkov sta lahko bole\u010di, ko se tvorita pa povzro\u010data tudi omejitev gibanja.<\/p>\n<p>Po drugi strani lahko osteoartritis hrbtenice povzro\u010di nastanek osteofitov, ki \u0161trlijo iz vretenc, kar povzro\u010da dra\u017eenje dolo\u010denih \u017eivcev in zato nastanejo bole\u010dine, mravljin\u010denje in otrplost na nekaterih predelih telesa.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"diagnoza\">Diagnoza<\/h2>\n<p>Diagnoza temelji na ve\u010d elementih, vklju\u010dno z:<\/p>\n<p>Zdravni\u0161ki pregled, ki oceni, ali so sklepi deformirani, bole\u010di in omejeni pri izvajanju dolo\u010denih gibov;<\/p>\n<p>Radiolo\u0161ke preiskave, ki ka\u017eejo na primer zmanj\u0161anje prostora med sklepi, spremembo profila kosti in nastanek osteofitov ali cistom podobnih lezij sklepov.<\/p>\n<p>Za diagnozo osteoartritisa ni posebnih laboratorijskih testov, ki so v\u010dasih diagnoza izklju\u010ditve.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72601","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Artroza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artroza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Artroza ali osteoartritis je bolezen, ki se pojavi zaradi staranja in obrabe sklepov, ki ve\u010dinoma prizadene sklepe, ki so pogosteje izpostavljeni velikim obremenitvam, to so boki, kolena in hrbtenica; redkeje lahko prizadene tudi sklepe rok in nog. 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