{"id":72584,"date":"2020-11-04T15:41:32","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T15:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/amiotroficna-lateralna-skleroza\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:14:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:14:37","slug":"amiotroficna-lateralna-skleroza","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/diseases\/amiotroficna-lateralna-skleroza\/","title":{"rendered":"Amiotrofi\u010dna lateralna skleroza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Amiotrofi\u010dna lateralna skleroza (ALS) je nevrolo\u0161ka bolezen, ki prizadene \u017eiv\u010dni sistem in povzro\u010di mi\u0161i\u010dno oslabelost in posega v telesne funkcije.<\/p>\n<p>ALS je vrsta bolezni motori\u010dnega nevrona, ki povzro\u010di, da se \u017eiv\u010dne celice postopoma razgradijo in umrejo.<\/p>\n<p>Zgodnji simptomi bolezni so trzanje mi\u0161ic in \u0161ibkost v enem od okon\u010din ali ponosen govor. Ko bolezen napreduje, lahko vpliva na sposobnost nadzora mi\u0161ic, potrebnih za gibanje, govorjenje, prehranjevanje in dihanje.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptomi\">Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Zgodnji simptomi ALS vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Te\u017eka hoja ali spotikanje<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave pri opravljanju vsakodnevnih dejavnosti<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ibkost v nogi, stopalih ali gle\u017enjih<\/li>\n<li>\u0160ibkost rok ali nerodnost<\/li>\n<li>Ote\u017een govor ali te\u017eave pri po\u017eiranju<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0161i\u010dni kr\u010di in trzanje v rokah, ramenih in jeziku<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave pri dviganju glave ali ohranjanju dobre dr\u017ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Simptomi bolezni se obi\u010dajno za\u010dnejo v rokah, nogah ali okon\u010dinah in se postopoma \u0161irijo na druge dele telesa. Bolezen tekom napredovanja oslabi mi\u0161ice, ki s\u010dasoma vplivajo na \u017eve\u010denje, po\u017eiranje, govorjenje in dihanje.<\/p>\n<p>Po drugi strani ALS obi\u010dajno ne vpliva na nadzor \u010drevesja ali mehurja, \u010dutov ali miselnih sposobnosti.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"vzroki\">Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>V 5 do 10% primerov je ALS podedovana. Za druge primere se \u0161teje, da se pojavljajo naklju\u010dno.<\/p>\n<p>Kljub temu so znanstveniki ugotovili nekaj mo\u017enih vzrokov ALS:<\/p>\n<p>Mutacija genov: Dedni ALS je lahko posledica razli\u010dnih genetskih mutacij, \u010deprav je podedovani ALS skoraj enak neededinirani obliki bolezni.<\/p>\n<p>Kemijsko neravnovesje: Pri ljudeh z ALS pogosto najdemo, da je kemi\u010dni posrednik v mo\u017eganih, imenovan glutamat, nenormalno visok. Glutamat lahko najdemo okoli \u017eiv\u010dnih celic v hrbteni\u010dni teko\u010dini, kjer je prese\u017eek glutamata lahko strupen in \u0161koduje nekaterim \u017eiv\u010dnim celicam.<\/p>\n<p>Neorganiziran imunski odziv: Imunski sistem, ki napada telesne normalne celice, lahko povzro\u010di smrt \u017eiv\u010dnih celic.<\/p>\n<p>Agregacija proteinov: Agregacija proteinov znotraj \u017eiv\u010dnih celic lahko povzro\u010di kopi\u010denje nenormalnih oblik beljakovin v celicah, zaradi \u010desar \u017eiv\u010dne celice s\u010dasoma umrejo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dejavniki-tveganja\">Dejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za ALS vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>Dednost: 5 do 10% primerov ALS je podedovano (dru\u017einski ALS). Otroci ljudi z dru\u017einsko ALS imajo 50-50 mo\u017enosti, da razvijejo bolezen.<\/p>\n<p>Starost: Najpogostej\u0161i primeri ALS najdemo pri ljudeh, starih med 40 in 60 let.<\/p>\n<p>Spol: Mo\u0161ki pogosteje razvijejo ALS kot \u017eenske pred 65. letom.<\/p>\n<p>Okoljski dejavniki, ki pove\u010dujejo tveganje za ALS:<\/p>\n<p>Kajenje: Kadilci nosijo dvakrat ve\u010dje tveganje za ALS kot nekadilci.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prenehanje kajenja lahko s\u010dasoma zmanj\u0161a tveganje.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"izpostavljenost-svincu\">Izpostavljenost svincu<\/h2>\n<p>Voja\u0161ka slu\u017eba: Izpostavljenost nekaterim kemikalijam ali kovinam, travmati\u010dne po\u0161kodbe, oku\u017ebe in intenzivne napore med slu\u017eenjem voja\u0161kega roka lahko pove\u010dajo tveganje za nastanek ALS.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zapleti\">Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>ALS je napredujo\u010da bolezen, ki lahko povzro\u010di naslednje zaplete:<\/p>\n<p>Te\u017eave z dihanjem. ALS s\u010dasoma paralizira mi\u0161ice, potrebne za dihanje. Obstajajo naprave, ki pomagajo pri dihanju; vendar je v zadnjih stadijih bolezni traheostomija (kirur\u0161ko narejena luknja v prednjem delu vratu, ki vodi do sapnika) lahko bolj\u0161a mo\u017enost za celodnevno uporabo respiratorja, ki pomaga napihniti in izprazniti plju\u010da. Dihalna odpoved je najpogostej\u0161i vzrok smrti pri ljudeh z ALS. Smrt obi\u010dajno nastopi v 3 do 5 letih po za\u010detnih simptomih<\/p>\n<p>Govorne te\u017eave. Te\u017eave z govorom se za\u010dnejo kot blagei besedni zdrsi, ki s\u010dasoma postanejo mo\u010dnej\u0161i.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ko \u010das mineva, je govor drugim ljudem te\u017eko razumeti, zato se ljudje z ALS zana\u0161ajo na druge oblike komunikacije.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u017eave s prehranjevanjem. ALS vpliva na mi\u0161ice, ki nadzorujejo po\u017eiranje, kar povzro\u010da dehidracijo in podhranjenost. Drugi zapleti vklju\u010dujejo hrano, teko\u010dino ali slino, ki vstopajo v plju\u010da, kar lahko vodi v plju\u010dnico. Za zmanj\u0161anje teh tveganj in obvladovanje zapletov lahko uporabite prehranjevalno cev<\/p>\n<p>Demenca. ALS lahko povzro\u010di te\u017eave pri odlo\u010danju in te\u017eave s spominom, kar lahko privede do poznej\u0161e diagnoze oblike demence, imenovane frontotemporalna demenca.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72584","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Amiotrofi\u010dna lateralna skleroza - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Amiotrofi\u010dna lateralna skleroza - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amiotrofi\u010dna lateralna skleroza (ALS) je nevrolo\u0161ka bolezen, ki prizadene \u017eiv\u010dni sistem in povzro\u010di mi\u0161i\u010dno oslabelost in posega v telesne funkcije. ALS je vrsta bolezni motori\u010dnega nevrona, ki povzro\u010di, da se \u017eiv\u010dne celice postopoma razgradijo in umrejo. Zgodnji simptomi bolezni so trzanje mi\u0161ic in \u0161ibkost v enem od okon\u010din ali ponosen govor. 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