{"id":78703,"date":"2020-06-22T08:11:44","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T08:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/cure\/odstranitev-sperme\/"},"modified":"2020-06-22T08:11:44","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T08:11:44","slug":"odstranitev-sperme","status":"publish","type":"cure","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/sl\/treatments\/odstranitev-sperme\/","title":{"rendered":"Odstranitev sperme"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"kaj-je-odstranitev-sperme\">Kaj je odstranitev sperme?<\/h2>\n<p>Odsotnost sperme v semenu ne pomeni nujno, da se sploh ne proizvaja. V primeru azoospermije, kripto azoospermije, nekrozoospermije in anejakulacije lahko spermo prepoznamo tudi na drugih lokacijah &#8211; testisu ali epididimisu &#8211; in \u010detudi ga lahko v majhnem \u0161tevilu odkrijemo z uporabo razli\u010dnih tehnik. Nekateri od njih nam omogo\u010dajo odvzem sperme iz testisov (TEFNA, TESE, microTESE), drugi pa iz epididimisa (PESA, MESA).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"katere-so-glavne-tehnike-zbiranja-povezane-z-odvzemom-semencic\">Katere so glavne tehnike zbiranja, povezane z odvzemom semen\u010dic?<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Odvzemanje testisa testisa &#8211; TESE<\/li>\n<li>Mikrokirur\u0161ka ekstrakcija spermijev &#8211; microTESE<\/li>\n<li>Mikrokirur\u0161ka aspiracija spermijev z mikroskopijo &#8211; MESA<\/li>\n<li>Perkutana epididimmalna asperzija sperme &#8211; PESA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TESE, MESA in microTESE so kirur\u0161ki posegi, medtem ko se postopki TEFNA, PESA izvajajo do avgusta z aspiracijo.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160e posebej:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PESA \/ MESA: zbiranje se izvaja z razli\u010dnimi tehnikami v epididimisu, kanalu, ki je povezan s testisom.<\/li>\n<li>TESA: vzor\u010denje se opravi skozi ko\u017eo testisa.<\/li>\n<li>TESE: je biopsija testisnega tkiva, postopek za odvzem semen\u010dic iz majhnega ko\u0161\u010dka tkiva testisa, ki ga kirur\u0161ko odstranimo. TESE lahko izvajamo pod lokalno anestezijo, lokoregionalno ali globoko sedacijo. Kirurg prizadene tkivo, ki prekriva testis (tunica albuginea) in odvzame del polprevodni\u0161kih tubulov, ki je velikosti semena pomara\u010dnce. Izrezani fragment se dostavi v sterilni epruveti biologom za odvzem semen\u010dic. Dajatev je lahko v enem testisu ena ali ve\u010d. V na\u0161em centru redno izvajamo histolo\u0161ki pregled, ki nam omogo\u010da natan\u010dno diagnozo azoospermije in prestrezanje okultnih rakov, ki so pogosti v NOA.<\/li>\n<li>PROS: Je tehnika, ki se uporablja pri vseh oblikah azoospermije in neobstruktivne azoospermije. Omogo\u010da obnovo in krio konzerviranje najve\u010djega \u0161tevila semen\u010dic.<\/li>\n<li>CONS: kirur\u0161ki poseg poteka v bolni\u0161nici, vendar bolni\u0161nica zagotavlja popoln po\u010ditek vsaj 24 do 48 ur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaksne-so-razlike-pri-vzorcenju-med-razlicnimi-vzroki-neplodnosti\">Kak\u0161ne so razlike pri vzor\u010denju med razli\u010dnimi vzroki neplodnosti?<\/h2>\n<p>Pri nekrozoospermiji je sperma prisotna, kadar preiskovanec ejakulira, vendar ni bistvenega pomena in je ni mogo\u010de uporabiti za tehnike podprtega razmno\u017eevanja. V tak\u0161nih primerih je edini na\u010din, da dobimo sposobno spermo, neposredno iz testisa.<\/p>\n<p>Pri anejakulaciji in pod dolo\u010denimi pogoji, kot so mladoletna sladkorna bolezen, nevrolo\u0161ki sistemski izidi kirur\u0161kega ru\u0161enja medeni\u010dnih malignomov, se zate\u010demo k predelavi semen\u010dic.<\/p>\n<p>Odstotek uspe\u0161nosti zdravljenja:<\/p>\n<p>Pri obstruktivni azoospermiji (OA) ima kripto-obstruktivna azoospermija, nekrozoospermija, anejakulacija in stopnja okrevanja sperme uspeh ICSI skoraj 100%. Pri neobstruktivni azoospermiji (NOA) in kripto-azoospermiji je sekretorna hitrost izterjave semen\u010dic uspe\u0161na 50%. Na splo\u0161no se umik opravi pred stimulacijo testisov jaj\u010dnikov pri \u017eenskem partnerju. Krioprezervacija sperme vam prihrani \u010das in se izognete nepotrebnim hormonskim zdravljenjem za \u017eensko v primeru odsotnosti spermijev testisov.<\/p>\n<p>V obdobju 2003\u20132011 je bilo v centru za plodnost Humanitas opravljenih skupno 1142 TESE. Gre za veliko mednarodno \u0161tudijo primera, rezultati pa so v skladu s tistimi, ki so jih dobili v najbolj\u0161ih mednarodnih sredi\u0161\u010dih.<\/p>\n<p>Stopnja odvzema sperme pri bolnikih z neobstruktivno azoospermijo je v centru za plodnost Humanitas bistveno vi\u0161ja kot pri tistih, zbranih v zadnjem pregledu 24 klini\u010dnih \u0161tudij (Donoso in sod., 2007 &#8211; Humanitas 381\/654 v primerjavi s 24 klini\u010dnimi \u0161tudijami Pubmeda 909\/1838, p = 0,0001).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Vzrok<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"73\"><strong>Brez umikov<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><strong>Pozitivni vzorci (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Umiki negativni (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nekrozoospermija<\/p>\n<p>+<\/p>\n<p>Anejakulacija<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"73\">\n208<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>\n208 (100%)<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NOA<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\">654<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>381 (58.2%)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>273 (41.8%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OA<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\">280<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>279 (99.6%)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1 (0.4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Informacije za hospitalizacijo pacienta:<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kaj-storiti-pred-sprejemom\">Kaj storiti pred sprejemom?<\/h2>\n<p>Pacient mora to storiti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Depilacija, ki jo je treba opraviti zjutraj ob sprejemu in brez uporabe kreme za odstranjevanje dlak.<\/li>\n<li>Odstranjevanje dlak na levem testisu.<\/li>\n<li>Ne jejte in ne pijte po polno\u010di, dan pred operacijo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kaj storiti po odvajanju?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bolnik ne more voziti in zato potrebuje spremstvo do povratnega potovanja domov.<\/li>\n<li>Brezpla\u010dna prehrana po operaciji.<\/li>\n<li>5 dni u\u017eivajte antibiotike.<\/li>\n<li>Po potrebi u\u017eivajte protibole\u010dinska zdravila.<\/li>\n<li>10 dni vzdr\u017eati spolne in \u0161portne dejavnosti<\/li>\n<li>Plavanje v bazenu ali morju je strogo prepovedano, vse do padca palic ali odstranitve.<\/li>\n<li>Povratni obisk bolni\u0161nic 10 dni po operaciji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-78703","cure","type-cure","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Odstranitev sperme - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Odstranitev sperme - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kaj je odstranitev sperme? 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