{"id":81890,"date":"2018-07-03T11:45:45","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T11:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/azitromicina\/"},"modified":"2018-07-03T11:45:45","modified_gmt":"2018-07-03T11:45:45","slug":"azitromicina","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/azitromicina\/","title":{"rendered":"Azitromicina"},"content":{"rendered":"

Azitromicina este un antibiotic care apar\u021bine grupului de macrolide. Macrolidele sunt o mare familie de produse naturale, dintre care multe au activitate antibiotic\u0103. Antibioticele cu macrolide sunt molecule speciale care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin interferarea cu sinteza proteic\u0103 a microorganismelor patogene. Acest microorganism se leag\u0103 la subunitatea ribozomal\u0103 50S, care \u00eempiedic\u0103 enzima peptidiltransferaz\u0103 s\u0103 furnizeze elonga\u021bie la lan\u021bul polipeptidic \u00een curs de dezvoltare. Ca urmare, blocheaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea \u0219i multiplicarea microbului. \u00cen general, macrolidele sunt antibiotice bacteriostatice; totu\u0219i, atunci c\u00e2nd sunt administrate la doze mari, ele devin \u0219i bactericide.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Ce este azitromicina?<\/span><\/p>\n

Azitromicina este utilizat\u0103 pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 diferitelor tipuri de infec\u021bii:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale tractului respirator superior \u0219i inferior;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Infec\u021bii odontostomologice;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Infec\u021bii cutanate;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale \u021besuturilor moi;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Infec\u021bii urogenitale<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cum ar trebui s\u0103 fie luat\u0103 azitromicina?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Azitromicina se administreaz\u0103 pe cale oral\u0103 sub form\u0103 de tablete sau pulbere pentru suspensie oral\u0103 sau parenteral (pulbere \u0219i solvent pentru injec\u021bii intravenoase sau intramusculare). Tratamentul variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de infec\u021bie care trebuie tratat\u0103. De obicei, 500-1000 mg de azitromicin\u0103 pe zi este suficient\u0103 pentru a controla proliferarea bacteriilor \u00een 3 zile de la tratament. Se recomand\u0103 o ajustare a dozei \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor v\u00e2rstnici sau a pacien\u021bilor cu disfunc\u021bie hepatic\u0103. Utilizarea acestui medicament la copii trebuie definit\u0103 \u0219i supravegheat\u0103 de un specialist.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reac\u021bii adverse asociate cu azitromicina<\/span><\/h2>\n

Cele mai frecvente efecte secundare ale azitromicinei includ urm\u0103toarele:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri gastro-intestinale: diaree, grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, dureri abdominale;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri ale sistemului nervos central: cefalee, oboseal\u0103, iritabilitate;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Anomalii ale func\u021biei hepatice;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri dermatologice (rare): erup\u021bie cutanat\u0103, umfl\u0103turi, urticarie;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Anomalii cardiace (rare)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul administr\u0103rii prin injec\u021bie, pot ap\u0103rea dureri \u0219i umfl\u0103turi la locul inject\u0103rii.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Contraindica\u021bii \u0219i avertismente asociate utiliz\u0103rii azitromicinei<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Administrarea de azitromicin\u0103 este contraindicat\u0103 la pacien\u021bii care prezint\u0103 hipersensibilitate la azitromicin\u0103, la componentele \u0219i excipien\u021bii acesteia sau la alte antibiotice macrolide. Nu trebuie administrat la pacien\u021bii care sufer\u0103 de insuficien\u021b\u0103 hepatic\u0103 sever\u0103. Utilizarea acestui medicament \u00een timpul sarcinii sau al\u0103pt\u0103rii este contraindicat\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

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