{"id":81874,"date":"2018-07-03T10:53:45","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T10:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/cefalosporina\/"},"modified":"2018-07-03T10:53:45","modified_gmt":"2018-07-03T10:53:45","slug":"cefalosporina","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/cefalosporina\/","title":{"rendered":"Cefalosporina"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cefalosporina se refer\u0103 la un grup mare de substan\u021be antibiotice, at\u00e2t naturale (izolate din mucegaiul Cephalosporium acremonium) c\u00e2t \u0219i semi-sintetice (sau ob\u021binute \u00een laborator), utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00eempotriva infec\u021biilor cauzate de bacterii gram-pozitive \u0219i bacterii gram-negative. Antibioticele de cefalosporin\u0103 sunt, \u00een general, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een &#8220;genera\u021bii&#8221;, care nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie luate \u00een considerare \u00een timp, ci \u00een func\u021bie de spectrul lor de ac\u021biune.<\/p>\n<p>Cefalosporinele ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 par\u021bial pe aceea\u0219i protein\u0103 vizat\u0103 de peniciline. Ei sunt capabili s\u0103 previn\u0103 cre\u0219terea bacteriilor prin interferarea cu sinteza peretelui celular bacterian. De fapt, ele sunt capabile s\u0103 se lege la enzimele transpeptidazei care servesc la crearea leg\u0103turilor dintre catenele peptidoglican (polimerii esen\u021biali pentru formarea peretelui bacterian). La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, activitatea transpeptidazei inhib\u0103 stabilitatea peretelui celular bacterian, f\u0103c\u00e2nd bacteriile mai sensibile la liz\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, conduc\u00e2nd la moartea celulelor bacteriene \u00een cre\u0219tere.<\/p>\n<h2>\nCe este cefalosporina?<\/h2>\n<p>Cefalosporina este utilizat\u0103 pentru a trata diferite tipuri de infec\u021bii, chiar severe, cauzate de bacterii susceptibile de efect, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale tractului respirator superior \u0219i inferior: amigdalit\u0103, laringit\u0103, laringotraheit\u0103, traheobronchit\u0103, bron\u0219it\u0103 acut\u0103 \u0219i cronic\u0103, bronhopneumonie, pneumonie, infec\u021bii ale urechii, sinuzit\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii hepato-digestive: colangit\u0103, gastroenterit\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale pielii \u0219i \u021besuturilor moi<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale organelor de reproducere, ale tractului urinar \u0219i ale rinichilor;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale s\u00e2ngelui cauzate de bacterii: bacteremia; meningit\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 Bolile infectate din copil\u0103rie;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii la pacien\u021bii imunodeprima\u021bi;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii ale abdomenului;<br \/>\n\u2022 Profilaxie intra \u0219i postoperatorie;<br \/>\n\u2022 Infec\u021bii osoase \u0219i articulare<\/p>\n<h2>\nCum ar trebui s\u0103 fie luat\u0103 cefalosporina?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen func\u021bie de tipul de infec\u021bie, cefalosporina poate fi administrat\u0103 pe cale oral\u0103 (sub form\u0103 de capsule, tablete sau suspensii orale) sau parenteral (sub form\u0103 de solu\u021bie pulbere \u0219i solvent pentru a fi injectat\u0103 intramuscular sau intravenos).<\/p>\n<h2>\nEfecte secundare asociate cu cefalosporina<\/h2>\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe efecte secundare care pot ap\u0103rea ca rezultat al tratamentului cu cefalosporine. Cu c\u00e2t este mai mare doza de medicament injectat\u0103 sau cu c\u00e2t este mai mare durata terapiei, cu at\u00e2t vor fi mai severe efectele secundare ale acestui medicament. Unele dintre aceste reac\u021bii adverse includ urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Reac\u021bii locale: flebit\u0103, tromboflebit\u0103, durere, \u00eent\u0103rire \u0219i fragilitate la locul inject\u0103rii;<br \/>\n\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri gastro-intestinale: grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi, diaree, dureri abdominale;<br \/>\n\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri dermatologice: erup\u021bie cutanat\u0103 tranzitorie, urticarie, dermatit\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri neurologice: cefalee, ame\u021beli;<br \/>\n\u2022 Anomalii hematologice: eozinofilie, neutropenie, trombocitoz\u0103, fenomene hemoragice;<br \/>\n\u2022 Tulbur\u0103ri ale sistemului nervos central: nervozitate, tulbur\u0103ri de somn, confuzie, u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103;<br \/>\n\u2022 Anomalii ale func\u021biei hepatice;<br \/>\n\u2022 Anomalii ale func\u021biei renale;<br \/>\n\u2022 Reac\u021bii alergice: m\u00e2nc\u0103rime, urticarie, reac\u021bii anafilactice, hipotensiune arterial\u0103, bronhospasm, laringospasm.<\/p>\n<h2>\nContraindica\u021bii \u0219i avertismente asociate utiliz\u0103rii cefalosporinei<\/h2>\n<p>Administrarea Cefalosporinei este contraindicat\u0103 la persoanele care sunt hipersensibile la constituen\u021bii acestui medicament sau la medicamente care au substan\u021be chimice similare, \u00een special penicilina \u0219i alte antibiotice beta-lactamice.<\/p>\n<p>O aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 trebuie acordat\u0103 admisiei anumitor cefalosporine (cum ar fi cefamandolul, cefoperazona) care pot interac\u021biona cu etanolul \u0219i, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, provoac\u0103 un sindrom caracterizat ca vasodilata\u021bie (\u00een special la nivelul fe\u021bei \u0219i g\u00e2tului) cu simptome cum ar fi cefalee, tahicardie, grea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi.<\/p>\n<p>Este recomandat s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un medic pentru utilizarea acestui medicament \u00een cazurile care implic\u0103 sarcin\u0103 \u0219i al\u0103ptare, precum \u0219i \u00een cazurile care implic\u0103 operarea unei ma\u0219ini sau a unui echipament periculos.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1797],"class_list":["post-81874","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-ingrediente-active"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cefalosporina - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cefalosporina - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cefalosporina se refer\u0103 la un grup mare de substan\u021be antibiotice, at\u00e2t naturale (izolate din mucegaiul Cephalosporium acremonium) c\u00e2t \u0219i semi-sintetice (sau ob\u021binute \u00een laborator), utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00eempotriva infec\u021biilor cauzate de bacterii gram-pozitive \u0219i bacterii gram-negative. 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