{"id":81858,"date":"2018-06-29T11:33:20","date_gmt":"2018-06-29T11:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/medicamentele-active\/"},"modified":"2018-06-29T11:33:20","modified_gmt":"2018-06-29T11:33:20","slug":"medicamentele-active","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/medicamentele-active\/","title":{"rendered":"Medicamentele active"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Medicamentele active pe sistemul nervos central afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bionarea creierului \u0219i a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii, exercit\u00e2nd o ac\u021biune care poate ajuta la vindecarea sau atenuarea anumitor afec\u021biuni medicale, cum ar fi boala Alzheimer, boala Parkinson \u0219i depresia, precum \u0219i alte condi\u021bii. \u00cen aceast\u0103 familie de medicamente apar \u0219i ingredientele active care ajut\u0103 la combaterea durerii, precum \u0219i sedativele \u0219i relaxantele musculare.<\/p>\n<h2>\nPrintre principalele categorii ale acestor medicamente se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/h2>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0 Agoni\u0219tii colinergici: sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru a cre\u0219te saliva\u021bia \u00een cazul gurii uscate. Ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin stimularea sistemului nervos parasimpatic.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 analgezice: acestea sunt medicamente utilizate pentru ameliorarea durerii. A\u0219a-numitele narcotice, deriva\u021bi de opiu, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 direct asupra creierului prin legarea la receptorii implica\u021bi \u00een percep\u021bia senza\u021biei de durere \u0219i pot fi, de asemenea, utiliza\u021bi ca sedativ pentru tuse. Cele mai populare dintre analgezicele non narcotice, AINS, ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een locul sintezei prostaglandinelor, care sunt mediatori importan\u021bi ai inflama\u021biei.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anestezicele generale: ele sunt folosite pentru a preveni durerea \u00een timpul interven\u021biei chirurgicale \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin inducerea unei st\u0103ri de incon\u0219tien\u021b\u0103.<br \/>\n\u2022 Anorectice: sunt utilizate pentru a reduce pofta de m\u00e2ncare deoarece ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra unei zone a creierului care inhib\u0103 foamea, dar se aplic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul men\u021binerii unei persoane treaz, acceler\u0103rii ritmului cardiac sau cre\u0219terii tensiunii arteriale.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Anticonvulsivan\u021bii: ace\u0219tia sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru a controla crizele convulsive tipice epilepsiei \u0219i pentru a munci prin reducerea stimul\u0103rii excesive a sistemului nervos asociat \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit cu aceast\u0103 tulburare. Posibilele mecanisme de ac\u021biune includ activitatea crescut\u0103 a neurotransmi\u0163\u0103torului GABA \u0219i inhibarea canalelor de calciu sau a receptorilor glutamat. Uneori, ele sunt, de asemenea, utilizate pentru a preveni \u0219i trata anumite tipuri de durere.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Antidepresantele: ele sunt utilizate pentru a trata depresia, episoadele atacurilor de panic\u0103, pentru a combate tulburarea obsesiv-compulsiv\u0103, precum \u0219i pentru a preveni anumite tipuri de migren\u0103 \u0219i alte forme de durere. Mecanismul la baza efectului lor de ucidere a durerii nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 clarificat pe deplin, \u00een timp ce ac\u021biunea antidepresiv\u0103 urmeaz\u0103 diferite c\u0103i \u00een func\u021bie de molecula luat\u0103 \u00een considerare. Unii, de exemplu, men\u021bin niveluri ridicate de serotonin\u0103, a\u0219a-numitul &#8220;hormon al umorului&#8221;.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Antiemeticele: ele sunt utilizate pentru a controla v\u0103rs\u0103turile \u0219i ame\u021belile \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra receptorilor creierului care declan\u0219eaz\u0103 nevoia de golire a stomacului.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Antipsihotice \u0219i tranchilizante: ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin inhibarea activit\u0103\u021bii impulsurilor nervoase specifice \u0219i sunt utilizate pentru tratarea psihozei.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Medicamente \u00eempotriva bolii Parkinson: ele corecteaz\u0103 modificarea echilibrului chimic al creierului care este tipic\u0103 acestei boli, ajut\u00e2nd astfel la atenuarea simptomelor. \u00cen particular, agen\u021bii anticholinergici (sau antagoni\u0219tii acetilcolinei) blocheaz\u0103 receptorii muscarinici ai neurotransmi\u021b\u0103torului acetilcolin\u0103, \u00een timp ce agen\u021bii dopaminergici \u00eenlocuiesc neurotransmi\u0163\u0103torul dopamin\u0103 sau previne degradarea lor.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Medicamente \u00eempotriva dependen\u021bei de alcool: acestea pot ac\u021biona diferit \u00eentre ele. Unele, de exemplu, reduc dorin\u021ba de a bea ceea ce duce la simptome de sevraj, \u00een timp ce altele provoac\u0103 grea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi dac\u0103 sunt consumate cu alcool \u0219i, prin urmare, descurajeaz\u0103 consumul.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Stimulan\u021bi ai sistemului nervos central: ace\u0219tia sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00een cazul tulbur\u0103rilor de deficit de aten\u021bie\/tulbur\u0103ri de hiperactivitate \u0219i a narcolepsiei. Mecanismul exact al ac\u021biunii lor nu este cunoscut.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Medicamente hipnotice: sunt utilizate \u00een caz de insomnie. Cele dou\u0103 clase principale sunt barbituricele \u0219i benzodiazepinele. Ambele ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin cre\u0219terea efectului neurotransmi\u021b\u0103torului GABA.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Inhibitorii colinesterazei: sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru a trata demen\u021ba la persoanele cu boala Alzheimer. Acestea ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin cre\u0219terea activit\u0103\u021bii nervilor stimula\u021bi de neurotransmi\u021b\u0103torul acetilcolin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u00a0 Relaxante musculare: ele sunt folosite pentru a scuti spasmele musculare \u0219i, uneori, durerile musculo-scheletice sau pentru a relaxa mu\u0219chii voluntari \u00een timpul interven\u021biei chirurgicale. \u00cen primul caz, mecanismul lor de ac\u021biune se bazeaz\u0103 pe reducerea tonusului muscular; \u00een timp ce \u00een al doilea caz ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra transmiterii impulsurilor nervoase c\u0103tre mu\u0219chi.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0 Sedative \u0219i anxiolitice: ele sunt utilizate pentru tratamentul anxiet\u0103\u021bii, a atacurilor de panic\u0103 \u0219i a insomniei \u0219i a muncii prin reducerea nivelurilor mai multor molecule specifice din creier.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h2 id=\"cum-ar-trebui-sa-fie-luate-medicamentele-pentru-sistemul-nervos-central\">Cum ar trebui s\u0103 fie luate medicamentele pentru sistemul nervos central?<\/h2>\n<p>Medicamentele care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra sistemului nervos central pot fi luate \u00een diferite forme \u0219i \u00een moduri foarte diferite unul fa\u021b\u0103 de cel\u0103lalt. Unele sunt disponibile sub form\u0103 de pastile sau pic\u0103turi, de exemplu antidepresive \u0219i sedative. Altele, cum ar fi relaxante musculare, pot fi luate prin injec\u021bii intramusculare. Anestezicele, totu\u0219i, pot fi injectate \u00eentr-o ven\u0103 sau administrate sub form\u0103 gazoas\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen orice caz, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 urma\u021bi instruc\u021biunile medicului \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te doza \u0219i modul de aplicare.<br \/>\nContraindica\u021bii \u0219i avertismente asociate utiliz\u0103rii medicamentelor din sistemul nervos central<br \/>\nMedicamentele active pe sistemul nervos central trebuie luate sub supraveghere medical\u0103. Principalele efecte adverse pot varia \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de medicament \u0219i pot include dependen\u021ba, ca \u00een cazul narcoticelor, \u0219i pierderea eficacit\u0103\u021bii asociate cu utilizarea prelungit\u0103, ca \u00een cazul amfetaminelor luate ca anorectice. Alte reac\u021bii adverse posibile includ dureri de cap, grea\u021b\u0103, nelini\u0219te, insomnie, nervozitate, somnolen\u021b\u0103, tulbur\u0103ri vizuale, probleme sexuale, gur\u0103 uscat\u0103, constipa\u021bie \u0219i probleme ale vezicii urinare. Mai mult, aceste medicamente afecteaz\u0103 adesea capacitatea de a conduce vehicule sau de a folosi utilaje periculoase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1797],"class_list":["post-81858","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-ingrediente-active"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Medicamentele active - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Medicamentele active - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Medicamentele active pe sistemul nervos central afecteaz\u0103 func\u021bionarea creierului \u0219i a m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii, exercit\u00e2nd o ac\u021biune care poate ajuta la vindecarea sau atenuarea anumitor afec\u021biuni medicale, cum ar fi boala Alzheimer, boala Parkinson \u0219i depresia, precum \u0219i alte condi\u021bii. \u00cen aceast\u0103 familie de medicamente apar \u0219i ingredientele active care ajut\u0103 la combaterea durerii, precum \u0219i [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/medicamentele-active\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/medicamentele-active\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/medicamentele-active\/\",\"name\":\"Medicamentele active - 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