{"id":81249,"date":"2018-05-16T13:18:21","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/ventriculul-stang\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T13:18:21","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:18:21","slug":"ventriculul-stang","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/ventriculul-stang\/","title":{"rendered":"Ventriculul st\u00e2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce este ventriculul st\u00e2ng?<\/h2>\n

Ventriculul st\u00e2ng este una din cele patru camere ale inimii. Acesta este situat \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 din st\u00e2nga a inimii, sub atriul st\u00e2ng, separat de el prin valva mitral\u0103. Ventriculul st\u00e2ng este responsabil de \u00eempingerea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat prin valva aortic\u0103 \u00een arcul aortic \u0219i apoi mai departe, pentru a ajunge la restul corpului \u0219i a livra oxigen \u0219i substan\u021be nutritive c\u0103tre celule \u0219i \u021besuturi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Inima este un organ \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een mai multe p\u0103r\u021bi, care o ajut\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 func\u021bia principal\u0103: s\u0103 transporte s\u00e2nge bogat \u00een oxigen c\u0103tre restul corpului (celule, \u021besuturi \u0219i organe) pentru a-l hr\u0103ni, \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 s\u00e2nge \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu dioxid de carbon, pentru a-l trimite la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni, unde are loc schimbul de oxigen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ventriculele sunt cele dou\u0103 camere inferioare ale inimii, care formeaz\u0103 partea principal\u0103 a organului. Ele sunt plasate \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 aflat\u0103 chiar \u00een spatele sternului \u0219i se sprijin\u0103 pe diafragm\u0103. Ventriculul st\u00e2ng are o form\u0103 mai alungit\u0103 dec\u00e2t cel drept, \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o pozi\u021bie posterioar\u0103 \u00een raport cu sternul, care se sprijin\u0103 pe o mare parte a diafragmei. Este similar cu un con, al c\u0103rui v\u00e2rf corespunde v\u00e2rfului inimii, \u0219i este separat de septul interventricular, comunic\u00e2nd cu atriul st\u00e2ng prin intermediul unui pasaj numit orificiu mitral. Fluxul sanguin este reglat \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 direc\u021bie de valva mitral\u0103 (numit\u0103 \u0219i valv\u0103 bicuspid\u0103) deoarece este format\u0103 din dou\u0103 clapete opuse, cu dimensiuni diferite. \u00centre ventricul \u0219i aort\u0103 exist\u0103 o alt\u0103 deschidere, cunoscut\u0103 sub denumirea de ostium arterial, \u00een care sunt prezente alte trei valve.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Afec\u021biunile asociate ventriculului st\u00e2ng includ hipertrofia ventricular\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 \u0219i cardiomiopatia de ventricul st\u00e2ng noncompactant.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hipertrofia ventriculului st\u00e2ng: o afec\u021biune care determin\u0103 m\u0103rirea \u0219i \u00eent\u0103rirea \u021besutului muscular care formeaz\u0103 peretele ventriculului st\u00e2ng, de obicei ca rezultat al tensiunii arteriale ne\u021binute sub control.<\/p>\n

Cardiomiopatia de ventricul st\u00e2ng noncompactant: o situa\u021bie rar\u0103 \u00een care \u021besutul muscular din jurul ventriculului st\u00e2ng este spongios sau “necompactat”.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te ventriculul st\u00e2ng?<\/h2>\n

Inima este o pomp\u0103, care transport\u0103 s\u00e2ngele bogat \u00een oxigen din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni c\u0103tre celulele \u021besuturilor \u0219i al organelor, \u00een schimbul s\u00e2ngelui \u00eenc\u0103rcat cu dioxid de carbon, care trebuie transformat. S\u00e2ngele oxigenat circul\u0103 spre organele \u0219i \u021besuturile din corp prin aort\u0103, artera care transport\u0103 hran\u0103 \u00eentregului corp, \u0219i care se \u00eemparte \u00een ramuri \u0219i capilare din ce \u00een ce mai mici. S\u00e2ngele plin cu dioxid de carbon revine la nivelul inimii prin vene, fiind transformat \u00een oxigen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ventriculul st\u00e2ng are pere\u021bi musculari mai gro\u0219i, de trei p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase ori mai mari dec\u00e2t ventriculul drept, \u0219i o capacitate mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t acesta (o caracteristic\u0103 legat\u0103 de aort\u0103, \u00een sensul c\u0103, spre deosebire de artera pulmonar\u0103, aceasta are o capacitate mai mic\u0103, dar \u0219i o mai mare rezisten\u021b\u0103). El prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge la o presiune de 8mmHg \u0219i \u00eel pompeaz\u0103 la o presiune de 120 mmHg. \u00cen condi\u021bii normale, ventriculele se relaxeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul fazei de diastol\u0103, umpl\u00e2ndu-se cu s\u00e2nge oxigenat din ventriculul st\u00e2ng. \u00cen timpul fazei de sistol\u0103, ventriculele \u00eemping s\u00e2ngele \u00een aort\u0103, cu o presiune suficient\u0103 pentru a reu\u0219i.<\/p>\n

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