{"id":81231,"date":"2018-05-16T12:37:33","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T12:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/glanda-pituitara\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T12:37:33","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T12:37:33","slug":"glanda-pituitara","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/glanda-pituitara\/","title":{"rendered":"Glanda pituitar\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 (hipofiza) este o gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 (termenul de endocrin\u0103 se refer\u0103 la secre\u021bia intern\u0103) situat\u0103 \u00een craniu \u00eentr-o cavitate a osului sfenoid, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de &#8220;\u0219aua turceasc\u0103&#8221; (defini\u021bia pentru &#8220;\u0219aua turceasc\u0103&#8221; se refer\u0103 la o depresiune bine definit\u0103, care se \u00eentinde de la marginea p\u0103r\u021bii vizibile a fe\u021bei superioare a osului sferoid, amintind de sediul cavaleriei otomane, de unde \u0219i numele).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 este frecvent men\u021bionat\u0103 ca &#8220;glanda principal\u0103&#8221; a corpului uman, deoarece regleaz\u0103 multe activit\u0103\u021bi ale glandelor endocrine. Hipotalamusul este situat chiar deasupra glandei hipofizare. Hipotalamusul este responsabil pentru determinarea hormonilor care trebuie elibera\u021bi de hipofiz\u0103, prin trimiterea de mesaje hormonale sau electrice c\u0103tre glanda pituitar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-este-glanda-pituitara\">Ce este glanda pituitar\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 este de dimensiuni mici, iar greutatea sa este pu\u021bin mai mare de jum\u0103tate de gram. Ea este, \u00eens\u0103, cea mai important\u0103 gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 a corpului uman: hormonii pe care \u00eei secret\u0103 stimuleaz\u0103, de fapt, activitatea altor glande responsabile de secre\u021bia intern\u0103, cum ar fi glanda tiroid\u0103 \u0219i glandele suprarenale, care sunt esen\u021biale pentru realizarea diferitelor activit\u0103\u021bi ale corpul uman.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 este format\u0103 din dou\u0103 por\u021biuni: neurohipofiza sau hipofiza posterioar\u0103 (lobul nervos sau proces infundibular), derivat\u0103 din hipotalamus \u0219i adenohipofiza (numit\u0103 \u0219i prehipofiz\u0103 sau hipofiza anterioar\u0103), derivat\u0103 din epiteliul cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00eentr-o por\u021biune mai \u00eengust\u0103, ca un tub, bogat\u0103 \u00een capilare situate \u00eentr-o parte distal\u0103 (predominant\u0103) \u0219i \u00eentr-o parte intermediar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Partea intermediar\u0103 a adenohipofizei este constituit\u0103 dintr-un singur tip de celule, a c\u0103ror sarcin\u0103 este de a produce hormonul melanotropin\u0103 (MSH); partea \u00een form\u0103 de tub \u0219i \u00een special partea distal\u0103 con\u021bin diferite tipuri de celule, implicate \u00een secre\u021bia multor hormoni, al c\u0103ror rol este de a regla diferitele func\u021bii ale sistemului genito-urinar, \u0219i cre\u0219terea metabolismului (hormon de cre\u0219tere sau GH, hormon adrenocorticotrop sau ACTH, LTH, hormon luteinizant sau LH, FSH sau hormon de stimulare a foliculului, hormon de stimulare a tiroidei sau TSH). Produc\u021bia de hormoni de c\u0103tre adenohipofiz\u0103 \u0219i intrarea lor \u00een s\u00e2nge este controlat\u0103 de factorii de eliberare specifici, produ\u0219i de hipotalamus.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Neurohipofiza este o sta\u021bie important\u0103 a sistemului neuroendocrin, care controleaz\u0103 multe func\u021bii ale corpului: ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un rezervor al hormonului antidiuretic, al c\u0103rui obiectiv este inhibarea diurezei \u0219i oxitocina, hormonul responsabil pentru determinarea contrac\u021biilor uterului atunci c\u00e2nd este gata s\u0103 expulzeze f\u0103tul.<\/p>\n<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 este conectat\u0103 la hipotalamus prin pedunculul hipofizar, care la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u formeaz\u0103 sistemul axial hipotalamo-pituitar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functie-indeplineste-glanda-pituitara\">Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te glanda pituitar\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p>Glanda pituitar\u0103 este cea mai mare gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 din corpul uman: hormonii secreta\u021bi din ea, de fapt, stimuleaz\u0103 activitatea altor glande endocrine, esen\u021biale pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea diverselor activit\u0103\u021bi ale corpului. Produsul secretor al celorlalte glande endocrine exercit\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul lor, o ac\u021biune inhibitoare asupra produc\u021biei de hormoni din hipofiz\u0103, d\u00e2nd na\u0219tere unui echilibru normal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81231","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glanda pituitar\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glanda pituitar\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glanda pituitar\u0103 (hipofiza) este o gland\u0103 endocrin\u0103 (termenul de endocrin\u0103 se refer\u0103 la secre\u021bia intern\u0103) situat\u0103 \u00een craniu \u00eentr-o cavitate a osului sfenoid, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de &#8220;\u0219aua turceasc\u0103&#8221; 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