{"id":81230,"date":"2018-05-16T12:36:34","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T12:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/pleura-3\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T12:36:34","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T12:36:34","slug":"pleura-3","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/pleura-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Pleura"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pleura este membrana seroas\u0103 care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii. Se compune din dou\u0103 straturi, denumite foi\u021be pleurale: prima, foi\u021ba pleural\u0103 parietal\u0103 (sau pleura parietal\u0103), este situat\u0103 \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u0219i \u00eei separ\u0103 de peretele toracic; cealalt\u0103, pleura visceral\u0103, care ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba interioar\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-este-pleura\">Ce este pleura?<\/h2>\n<p>Pleura este membrana seroas\u0103 care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii. Cele dou\u0103 foi\u021be pleurale care o formeaz\u0103 sunt \u00een contact continuu una cu cealalt\u0103: pentru a asigura \u0219i a facilita alunecarea pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, straturile pleurale au o pelicul\u0103 sub\u021bire de fluid pleural, aflat \u00een spa\u021biul dintre ele, a c\u0103rui prezen\u021b\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a permite pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor s\u0103 urm\u0103reasc\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile mu\u0219chilor \u00een timpul respira\u021biei. Cele dou\u0103 foi\u021be delimiteaz\u0103 cavitatea\u00a0 pleural\u0103, care nu comunic\u0103 cu exteriorul sau cu alte organe. \u00cen cavitatea pleural\u0103, se formeaz\u0103 o presiune negativ\u0103, care le permite pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor s\u0103 se extind\u0103 \u00een timpul inhal\u0103rii aerului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aprovizionarea neuro-vascular\u0103 difer\u0103 pentru ambele straturi ale pleurei. Inerva\u021bia pleurei parietale este asigurat\u0103 prin nervii intercostali (inervarea pleurei costale \u0219i cervicale), ceea ce face ca aceasta s\u0103 fie sensibil\u0103 la durere, presiune \u0219i temperatur\u0103. Pleura parietal\u0103 prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge din arterele intercostale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, pleura visceral\u0103 are o inerva\u021bie autonom\u0103 din plexul pulmonar (re\u021bea nervoas\u0103 care se extinde din trunchiul simpatic \u0219i nervul vag), ceea ce o face s\u0103 nu fie sensibil\u0103 la durere sau temperatur\u0103. Pleura visceral\u0103 prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge din arterele toracice interne (circula\u021bia bronhial\u0103), care aprovizioneaz\u0103 \u0219i parenchimul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Partea superioar\u0103 a pleurei se nume\u0219te cupola parietal\u0103 pleural\u0103: ea este plasat\u0103 exact \u00een fosa supra-clavicular\u0103 \u0219i corespunde v\u00e2rfului pl\u0103m\u00e2nului. Din punct de vedere histologic, pleura este privit\u0103 ca un mezoteliu, \u0219i anume o \u021bes\u0103tur\u0103, care p\u0103streaz\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103turi tipice at\u00e2t a endoteliului (\u021besutul sub\u021bire, care delimiteaz\u0103 intern lumenul din s\u00e2nge sau vasele limfatice), c\u00e2t \u0219i a epiteliilor (\u021besuturile care acoper\u0103 suprafa\u021ba exterioar\u0103 sau care c\u0103ptu\u0219e\u0219te cavit\u0103\u021bile interne ale corpului) \u0219i, prin urmare, din punct de vedere histologic seam\u0103n\u0103 cu am\u00e2ndou\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe tulbur\u0103ri grave care pot afecta pleura. Acestea includ pleurezia (inflama\u021bia pleurei), efuzia pleural\u0103 (acumularea excesului de lichid \u00eentre pleura parietal\u0103 \u0219i cea visceral\u0103), hemotoraxul (acumularea de s\u00e2nge \u00een spa\u021biul pleural), empiemul (acumularea de puroi \u00een spa\u021biul pleural), chilotoraxul (ruptura tubului toracic), fibrotoraxul (\u00eencadrarea pl\u0103m\u00e2nului \u00een fibrin\u0103 dup\u0103 un proces inflamator pleural sever), mezoteliomul \u0219i alte tumori care pot afecta pleura.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functie-indeplineste-pleura\">Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te pleura?<\/h2>\n<p>Fluidul pleural dintre straturile pleurale este esen\u021bial pentru a preveni separarea celor dou\u0103 straturi \u0219i lubrifierea suprafe\u021bei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pl\u0103m\u00e2nii s\u0103 se poat\u0103 deplasa u\u0219or \u00een interiorul cavit\u0103\u021bii toracice. De asemenea, lichidul pleural asigur\u0103 tensiunea de suprafa\u021b\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine pl\u0103m\u00e2nii aproape de peretele toracic. Astfel, pleura permite modificarea \u00een volum a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, odat\u0103 cu volumul cavit\u0103\u021bii toracice, \u0219i faciliteaz\u0103 ventila\u021bia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81230","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pleura - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pleura - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pleura este membrana seroas\u0103 care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii. Se compune din dou\u0103 straturi, denumite foi\u021be pleurale: prima, foi\u021ba pleural\u0103 parietal\u0103 (sau pleura parietal\u0103), este situat\u0103 \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u0219i \u00eei separ\u0103 de peretele toracic; cealalt\u0103, pleura visceral\u0103, care ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba interioar\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nului. &nbsp; Ce este pleura? Pleura este membrana seroas\u0103 care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii. 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Se compune din dou\u0103 straturi, denumite foi\u021be pleurale: prima, foi\u021ba pleural\u0103 parietal\u0103 (sau pleura parietal\u0103), este situat\u0103 \u00een afara pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u0219i \u00eei separ\u0103 de peretele toracic; cealalt\u0103, pleura visceral\u0103, care ader\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba interioar\u0103 a pl\u0103m\u00e2nului. &nbsp; Ce este pleura? Pleura este membrana seroas\u0103 care acoper\u0103 pl\u0103m\u00e2nii. 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