{"id":81216,"date":"2018-05-16T11:10:03","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:10:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/oasele\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T11:10:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:10:03","slug":"oasele","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/oasele\/","title":{"rendered":"Oasele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce sunt oasele?<\/h2>\n

Oasele sunt o form\u0103 de \u021besut conjunctiv foarte specializat, care cuprinde un amestec de matrice organic\u0103 dens\u0103 \u0219i component\u0103 mineral\u0103 anorganic\u0103. Sunt caracterizate prin duritate \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103. Oasele sunt segmente cu form\u0103, dimensiune \u0219i densitate variabil\u0103, toate form\u00e2nd sistemul scheletic.<\/p>\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de form\u0103, oasele pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een oase lungi, oase plane, oase scurte \u0219i oase neregulate. Oasele lungi se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een principal \u00een lungime (cum ar fi femurul, tibia, fibula, radiusul, cubitusul, humerusul); oasele plane sunt caracterizate prin dimensiunea \u0219i l\u0103\u021bimea mai mari dec\u00e2t grosimea (cum ar fi oasele craniului, omoplatului, sternului); oasele scurte sunt dezvoltate \u00eentr-un mod similar \u00een toate trei dimensiunile (cum ar fi carpul \u0219i tarsul); \u0219i oasele neregulate sunt caracterizate prin faptul c\u0103 nu au un element morfologic dominant (cum ar fi \u00een cazul vertebrelor). \u00cen circumstan\u021be normale, oasele nu mai cresc c\u00e2nd persoana atinge v\u00e2rsta adolescen\u021bei sau v\u00e2rsta de dou\u0103zeci de ani.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt oasele lungi?<\/h2>\n

Oasele lungi sunt oasele dense, dure care ofer\u0103 structur\u0103 \u0219i mobilitate. Un os lung are un arbore \u0219i dou\u0103 capete. Femurul, tibia \u0219i fibula sunt considerate oasele lungi din membrele inferioare, \u0219i osul humerus, osul cubitusul \u0219i osul radius sunt considerate oase lungi \u00een membrele superioare. Suprafa\u021ba oaselor lungi este acoperit\u0103 de periost, o membran\u0103 care leag\u0103 procesul responsabil pentru cre\u0219terea osului \u0219i formarea calusului din fracturi. Osul compact (sau cortical),care este un strat al osului dens, se localizeaz\u0103 sub periost; \u0219i sub osul compact, este loca\u021bia osul spongios (sclero-cornean), care con\u021bine m\u0103duva responsabil\u0103 pentru producerea de globule ro\u0219ii.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt oasele plane?<\/h2>\n

Oasele plane sunt formate dintr-un strat sub\u021bire de \u021besut osos spongios \u00een\u0103untrul c\u0103ruia se localizeaz\u0103 m\u0103duva. Acest strat spongios este \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een dou\u0103 straturi (unul pentru fiecare parte) de \u021besut osos compact sau cortical. Exemplele de oase plane includ omoplatul, sternul \u0219i oasele craniului \u0219i pelvisului.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt oasele scurte?<\/h2>\n

Oasele scurte sunt caracterizate prin dezvoltarea \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 similar\u0103 \u00een toate cele trei dimensiuni (amintesc de forma unui cub), cum ar fi mobilitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u0219i prezen\u021ba a numeroase suprafe\u021be articulare. \u00cen\u0103untrul scheletului uman, oasele scurte sunt acelea care compun carpul \u0219i formeaz\u0103 tarsul. Acestea sunt formate din \u021besut spongios acoperit de un strat de \u021besut osos compact.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt oasele neregulate?<\/h2>\n

Oasele neregulate sunt oasele care servesc diferitelor scopuri ale corpului, cum ar fi protejarea \u021besutului nervos \u0219i men\u021binerea sprijinului pentru faringe \u0219i trahee. Sunt clasificate ca fiind nici lungi, nici scurte, nici plante \u0219i intr\u0103 \u00een grupul de vertebre \u0219i osul \u0219oldului (numit \u0219i osul coaxial).<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie au oasele?<\/h2>\n

Oasele au diferite func\u021bii \u00een corp:<\/p>\n

Sunt rezerve \u0219i depozite de minerale, cum ar fi calciu, fosfor, sodiu \u0219i magneziu, esen\u021biale pentru reglarea mai multor mecanisme fiziologice.<\/p>\n

Ofer\u0103 form\u0103 \u0219i sprijin p\u0103r\u021bilor corpului din care sunt compuse.<\/p>\n

Ofer\u0103 sprijin \u0219i stabilitate chiar \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba mi\u0219c\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Au caracteristici importante de protec\u021bie (cum ar fi protejarea craniului, creierului).<\/p>\n

M\u0103duva din ele este capabil\u0103 de producerea globulelor ro\u0219ii (globule albe, globule ro\u0219ii, trombocite).<\/p>\n

Prin interac\u021biunea cu mu\u0219chii \u0219i tendoanele, permit mi\u0219carea membrelor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81216","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"\nOasele - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oasele - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce sunt oasele? Oasele sunt o form\u0103 de \u021besut conjunctiv foarte specializat, care cuprinde un amestec de matrice organic\u0103 dens\u0103 \u0219i component\u0103 mineral\u0103 anorganic\u0103. Sunt caracterizate prin duritate \u0219i rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103. 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