{"id":81214,"date":"2018-05-16T11:05:23","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/bronhii-si-bronhiole\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T11:05:23","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:05:23","slug":"bronhii-si-bronhiole","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/bronhii-si-bronhiole\/","title":{"rendered":"Bronhii \u0219i bronhiole"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bronhiile au form\u0103 cilindric\u0103 \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00eentre bifurca\u021bia trahei \u0219i bronhiolelor. Bronhiile permit \u0219i asigur\u0103 trecerea aerului de la trahee la bronhiole \u0219i alveole. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 bronhii principale \u00een corpul uman: bronhia dreapt\u0103 \u0219i bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103.<\/p>\n

Bronhiile sunt parte din zona responsabil\u0103 pentru conducerea aerului. Zona conductoare include traheea \u0219i faringele \u0219i este responsabil\u0103 pentru transportarea aerului \u00een \u0219i \u00een afara corpului.<\/p>\n

Mai mult, bronhiile sunt c\u0103ile aeriene care con\u021bin pere\u021bi cartilagino\u0219i. Cartilajul este \u021besut conjunctiv care sprijin\u0103 procesele fizice, cum ar fi prevenirea colapsului bronhiilor pe durata inhal\u0103rii \u0219i expir\u0103rii. Cantitatea de cartilaj din pere\u021bii bronhiilor scade treptat \u0219i dispare dup\u0103 punctul \u00een care bronhiile se \u00eempart \u00een c\u0103i aeriene mici numite bronhiole.<\/p>\n

Bronhiolele sunt ramuri terminale mici ale c\u0103ilor aeriene din pl\u0103m\u00e2ni. Au un diametru de mai pu\u021bin de un milimetru. Ramurile bronhiolelor prezint\u0103, la capete, alveole pulmonare, care, \u00een schimb, se bifurc\u0103 \u00een saci sau infundibul (structuri mici non-celulare \u00een form\u0103 de saci aranja\u021bi \u00een grupuri, care reprezint\u0103 partea terminal\u0103 a tractului respirator), prin ai c\u0103ror pere\u021bi au loc schimburi gazoase cu s\u00e2ngele. Pere\u021bii bronhiolelor sunt forma\u021bi din mu\u0219chi netezi \u0219i \u021besut conjunctiv elastic \u0219i sunt caracterizate prin celule epiteliale cubice.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt bronhiile \u0219i bronhiolele?<\/h2>\n

Structura bronhiilor principale seam\u0103n\u0103 cu forma unui copac, din care defini\u021bie comun\u0103 a arborelui bronhial deriv\u0103. Urm\u00e2nd ramurile arborelui bron\u0219ic, exist\u0103 o \u00eentindere pulmonar\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 pe fiecare parte: cuprinde bronhii principale, o bronhie interioar\u0103 \u0219i una exterioar\u0103, dou\u0103 sau trei bronhii lobare \u0219i unele bronhii segmentare \u00een care \u00ee\u0219i au originea terminalele bronhiilor. Ramurile bronhiale devin din ce \u00een ce mai mici, form\u00e2nd bronhiole \u0219i ajung\u00e2nd alveole.<\/p>\n

Tulpina dreapt\u0103 principal\u0103 a bronhiei este mai mic\u0103 \u0219i mai larg\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103soar\u0103 aproximativ 2.5 centimetri. Bronhia dreapt\u0103 apare ca o continuare direct\u0103 a trahei. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103 este mai lung\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103soar\u0103 aproximativ 5 centimetri lungime. Bronhiile dreapt\u0103 \u0219i st\u00e2ng\u0103 se \u00eempart \u00een bronhii lobare \u0219i se continu\u0103 \u00een bronhii segmentare \u0219i ter\u021biare. Venele, arterele \u0219i limfaticii intr\u0103 \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eempreun\u0103 cu bronhiile. Por\u021biunea pl\u0103m\u00e2nului care este furnizat\u0103 de o bronhie segmentar\u0103 \u0219i vasele de s\u00e2nge adiacente sunt numite segmente bronhopulmonare.<\/p>\n

Bronhiile sunt acoperite extern de un strat de protec\u021bie \u0219i mu\u0219chi fibro cartilaginos, care le ofer\u0103 o \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219are semi-rigid\u0103. Intern, bronhiile sunt acoperite de anumite glande \u0219i o membran\u0103 mucoas\u0103, a c\u0103rei sarcin\u0103 este s\u0103 elimine bacteriile, praful, \u0219i toate particulele inhalate din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bii au bronhiile \u0219i bronhiolele?<\/h2>\n

Sarcina bronhiilor este de a asigura trecerea aerului de la trahee la bronhiole. Bronhiolele permit schimbul de gaz cu s\u00e2ngele: multele ramuri se separ\u0103 \u00een alveole \u0219i infundibul alveolar. Bronhiolele reprezint\u0103 partea terminal\u0103 a tractului respirator.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81214","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"\nBronhii \u0219i bronhiole - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bronhii \u0219i bronhiole - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bronhiile au form\u0103 cilindric\u0103 \u0219i se afl\u0103 \u00eentre bifurca\u021bia trahei \u0219i bronhiolelor. Bronhiile permit \u0219i asigur\u0103 trecerea aerului de la trahee la bronhiole \u0219i alveole. Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 bronhii principale \u00een corpul uman: bronhia dreapt\u0103 \u0219i bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103. 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