{"id":81213,"date":"2018-05-16T11:04:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/capilarele\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T11:04:00","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:04:00","slug":"capilarele","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/","title":{"rendered":"Capilarele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce sunt capilarele?<\/h2>\n

Capilarele sunt cele mai mic vase de s\u00e2nge din sistemul circulator \u0219i sunt responsabile pentru distribuirea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat de la artere la \u021besuturile corpului \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 cu s\u00e2nge neoxigenat de la \u021besuturi la vene. \u00cen func\u021bie de organul \u00een care se afl\u0103, capilarele au diferite diametre. Capilarele cele mai mici, fiind \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 10 micrometri (simbol “uM”, egal cu o sut\u0103 milimetri) se g\u0103sesc, \u00een mod normal, \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni,\u00a0 retin\u0103 \u0219i mu\u0219chii stria\u021bi; \u00een timp ce capilarele cele mai mari (de aproximativ 25-30mM) se g\u0103sesc \u00een principal \u00een glande \u0219i m\u0103duva osoas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Fiind cilindric \u0219i microscopic \u00een dimensiune, capilarele au fost prima data descoperite de Marcello Malpighi,<\/p>\n

un fizician \u0219i biolog italian. El le-a observat prima dat\u0103 \u00een secolul \u0219aptesprezece \u0219i le-a oferit numele f\u0103c\u00e2nd referire la delicate\u021bea acestora. A fost prima persoan\u0103 care a descoperit leg\u0103tura dintre artere \u0219i vene, c\u00e2t \u0219i prima persoan\u0103 care a observat globulele ro\u0219ii la microscop.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t sistemul venos (venele mari, venele medii \u0219i venele mici) \u0219i sistemul arterial (arterele mari, arterele medii \u0219i arterele mici) se \u00eempart \u00een vase din ce \u00een ce mai mici de s\u00e2nge p\u00e2n\u0103 ce se \u00eencheie \u00een capilare, \u00een care substan\u021bele nutritive \u0219i produsele reziduale sunt schimbate. Capilarele se al\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103resc pentru a deveni vini\u0219oare \u0219i, mai departe, vene, care se \u00eenapoiaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele inimii prin venele mari.<\/p>\n

Din perspective capilarelor func\u021bionale, acestea reprezint\u0103 partea fundamental\u0103 a sistemului vascular. \u00cen timp ce alte vase de s\u00e2nge (artere \u0219i arteriole, vini\u0219oare \u0219i vene) trec, pur \u0219i simplu, prin s\u00e2nge, capilarele trec prin schimburi respiratorii \u0219i metabolice \u00eentre s\u00e2nge \u0219i lichidul intercelular care asigur\u0103 furnizarea de oxigen \u0219i substan\u021be nutritive c\u0103tre \u021besuturi \u0219i organe (cu ajutorul capilarelor care rezult\u0103 din artere), c\u00e2t \u0219i eliminarea substan\u021belor reziduale (cu ajutorul capilarelor rezultate din vene). Func\u021bia capilarelor este posibil\u0103 prin caracteristicile structurale speciale care difer\u0103 de la artere \u0219i vene \u00een sensul c\u0103 pere\u021bii sunt compu\u0219i dintr-un singur strat de celule endoteliale plane, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-le permeabile. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 re\u021belele de capilare aranjate \u00eentre artere \u0219i vene, exist\u0103\u00a0 \u0219i re\u021belele de capilare dintre dou\u0103 artere \u0219i dou\u0103 vene. \u00cen cazul arterelor, la acestea se face referire ca la \u201dre\u021bele arteriale admirabile\u201d \u0219i \u00een cazul venelor se numesc \u201ere\u021bele venoase minunate\u201d.<\/p>\n

Forma\u021biunile capilare pot avea drept rezultat anumite boli. Formarea capilarelor suplimentare \u0219i vasele de s\u00e2nge mari (angiogenic) este un mecanism important prin care cancerul poate cre\u0219te \u00een m\u0103rime. Bolile capilarelor retinale contribuie la patogeneza degener\u0103rii maculare aferente v\u00e2rstei. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, densitatea capilar\u0103 redus\u0103 (numit\u0103 \u0219i rarefac\u021bia capilar\u0103) este asociat\u0103 cu factorii de risc cardiovasculari, cum ar fi tensiunea ridicat\u0103 sau colesterolul, c\u00e2t \u0219i bolile coronare de inim\u0103, care pot duce la complica\u021bii, cum ar fi insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103 sau b\u0103t\u0103i neregulate de inim\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bii au capilarele?<\/h2>\n

Capilarele sunt responsabile pentru asigurarea schimb\u0103rilor respiratorii \u0219i metabolice dintre s\u00e2nge \u0219i lichidul intercelular pentru a garanta faptul c\u0103 toate \u021besuturilor vor fi alimentate cu oxigen \u0219i substan\u021be nutritive, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru a asigura eliminarea de substan\u021be reziduale din dioxid de carbon \u0219i lichide.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81213","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"\nCapilarele - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Capilarele - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce sunt capilarele? Capilarele sunt cele mai mic vase de s\u00e2nge din sistemul circulator \u0219i sunt responsabile pentru distribuirea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat de la artere la \u021besuturile corpului \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 cu s\u00e2nge neoxigenat de la \u021besuturi la vene. \u00cen func\u021bie de organul \u00een care se afl\u0103, capilarele au diferite diametre. Capilarele cele mai mici, fiind \u00eentre […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/\",\"name\":\"Capilarele - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-16T11:04:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-16T11:04:00+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Enciclopedia\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/enciclopedia\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Capilarele\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"Humanitas Hospital\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Capilarele - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Capilarele - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Ce sunt capilarele? Capilarele sunt cele mai mic vase de s\u00e2nge din sistemul circulator \u0219i sunt responsabile pentru distribuirea s\u00e2ngelui oxigenat de la artere la \u021besuturile corpului \u0219i alimenteaz\u0103 cu s\u00e2nge neoxigenat de la \u021besuturi la vene. \u00cen func\u021bie de organul \u00een care se afl\u0103, capilarele au diferite diametre. Capilarele cele mai mici, fiind \u00eentre […]","og_url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/","og_site_name":"Humanitas.net","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@humanitasmilano","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/","name":"Capilarele - Humanitas.net","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-05-16T11:04:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-05-16T11:04:00+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/capilarele\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Enciclopedia","item":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/enciclopedia\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Capilarele"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","name":"Humanitas.net","description":"Humanitas Hospital","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization","name":"Humanitas","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Humanitas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/","https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano"]}]}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/enciclopedia\/81213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/enciclopedia"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/enciclopedia"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"enciclopedia_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/Example?post=81213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}