{"id":81206,"date":"2018-05-16T10:52:52","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/esofag\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:52:52","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:52:52","slug":"esofag","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/esofag\/","title":{"rendered":"Esofag"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"ce-este-esofagul\">Ce este esofagul?<\/h2>\n<p>Esofagul este por\u021biunea din canalul alimentar care leag\u0103 faringele de stomac. M\u00e2ncarea mestecat\u0103 este digerat\u0103 par\u021bial de enzime \u00een saliv\u0103 \u0219i apoi direc\u021bionat\u0103 prin acest tub, din gur\u0103 \u00een stomac. Trecerea bolului este u\u0219urat\u0103 de contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului din perete al esofagului.<\/p>\n<p>Din punct de vedere structural, esofagul (trecerea de la stratul cel mai exterior la stratul cel mai interior) cuprinde: un strat exterior al \u021besutul conjunctiv \u0219i dou\u0103 tipuri de mu\u0219chi. Treimea superioar\u0103 a esofagului cuprinde un mu\u0219chi striat \u0219i treimea inferioar\u0103 con\u021bine mu\u0219chiul moale, \u00een timp ce treimea mijlocie con\u021bine un amestec din ambele.<\/p>\n<p>Esofagul are aproximativ 25 de cm lungime, cu un diametru de 2.5 cm. \u00cencepe de la g\u00e2t, p\u00e2n\u0103 la a \u0219asea vertebr\u0103 cervical\u0103, intr\u0103 \u00een piept \u0219i se \u00eencheie \u00een cap\u0103tul inferior al stomacului, \u00een vertebra toracic\u0103 11. Datorit\u0103 lungimii, este posibil\u0103 diferen\u021bierea de esofag prin por\u021biuni. Por\u021biunea cervical\u0103 are aproximativ 4-5 cm lungime, \u00eentre vertebra \u0219ase cervical\u0103 \u0219i vertebra toracic\u0103 2); por\u021biunea toracic\u0103 are aproximativ 15 centimetri lungime \u0219i este \u00een contact cu prima por\u021biune \u0219i cu peretele dorsal al trahei, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu bronhia \u0219i atriul st\u00e2ng al inimii; por\u021biunea diafragmei este de aproximativ 1-2 cm lungime; \u0219i por\u021biunea abdominal\u0103 m\u0103soar\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3 centimetri, situat\u0103 \u00eentre deschiderea esofagian\u0103 a diafragmei \u0219i ie\u0219ire \u00een stomac.<\/p>\n<p>Esofagul este caracterizat prin patru constric\u021bii care, de la partea superioar\u0103 sunt urm\u0103toarele: constric\u021bia cricoid\u0103, constric\u021bia aortic\u0103, constric\u021bia bron\u0219ic\u0103 \u0219i constric\u021bia diafragmatic\u0103. La \u00eengustare, constric\u021bia cricoid\u0103 este locul de unire al faringelui cu esofagul; constric\u021bia aortic\u0103 \u0219i constric\u021bia bron\u0219ic\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een locul \u00een care arcul aortic \u0219i bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103 se \u00eencruci\u0219eaz\u0103; \u0219i constric\u021bia diafragmatic\u0103 \u00een locul \u00een care orificiul diafragmei este localizat. Esofagul este \u00eenconjurat \u00een partea de sus \u0219i partea de jos de dou\u0103 inele musculare: sfincterul esofagian superior \u0219i sfincterul esofagian inferior.<\/p>\n<p>Fiind o structur\u0103 lung\u0103, esofagul este prezent \u00een rela\u021bia cu diferite structuri din corpul uman. Por\u021biunea cervical\u0103 a esofagului este conectat\u0103 par\u021bial de trahee cu ajutorul grup\u0103rilor de \u021besuturi conjunctive \u0219i prin mu\u0219chiul traheoesofagian, \u0219i acoper\u0103 par\u021bial lobul st\u00e2ng al tiroidei. Regiunea pieptului poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 sec\u021biuni: unul deasupra \u0219i unul sub intersec\u021bia esofagului cu bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103. Un mu\u0219chi similar cu acela al mu\u0219chiului traheoesofagian aduce \u00eempreun\u0103 bronhia st\u00e2ng\u0103 \u0219i esofagul \u00een punctul \u00een care cele dou\u0103 se intersecteaz\u0103. Acesta se nume\u0219te mu\u0219chiul bronhioesofagian. Por\u021biunea diafragmatic\u0103 corespund\u0103 cu por\u021biunea tractului digestiv care deformeaz\u0103 deschiderea esofagian\u0103 a diafragmei. Por\u021biunea lamboului esofagului este aferent\u0103 suprafe\u021belor anterioare \u0219i posterioare ale ficatului cu aorta abdominal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 mai multe boli care pot fi asociate cu esofagul. Una din cele mai comune boli sunt cunoscute este cea de reflux gastroesofagian, care apare din cauza insuficien\u021bei sfincterului inferior care provoac\u0103 acidul stomacului care vine de la stomac \u00een esofag, cauz\u00e2nd senza\u021bia de arsur\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functie-are-esofagul\">Ce func\u021bie are esofagul?<\/h2>\n<p>Principala func\u021bie a esofagului este de a permite bolului alimentar s\u0103 treac\u0103 din gur\u0103 la stomac. \u00cen momentul \u00een care bolul este \u00eenghi\u021bit, acesta ajunge la baz\u0103, unde trece \u00een esofag prin gur\u0103 (care este sfincterul care deschide \u0219i reprezint\u0103 \u00eenceputul esofagului). Bolul continu\u0103 drumul c\u0103tre stomac prin esofag. Trecerea prin stomac depinde de deschiderea sfincterului inferior (cardia), care conecteaz\u0103 esofagul de stomac \u0219i reprezint\u0103 por\u021biunea final\u0103 a esofagului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81206","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Esofag - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Esofag - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este esofagul? 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Esofagul este por\u021biunea din canalul alimentar care leag\u0103 faringele de stomac. M\u00e2ncarea mestecat\u0103 este digerat\u0103 par\u021bial de enzime \u00een saliv\u0103 \u0219i apoi direc\u021bionat\u0103 prin acest tub, din gur\u0103 \u00een stomac. Trecerea bolului este u\u0219urat\u0103 de contrac\u021bia mu\u0219chiului din perete al esofagului. 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